10. CARCHARIID^. CARCHAPJAS. 
27 
24.— AI.OPIAS Rail nt'.squo, 1810. 
Thresher Sharks. 
{Alopecias Miiller & Heule; corrected ortliograidiy.) 
(Rafinenqiie, Caratteri di Alcnui X. Generi, etc. : type Alopias rnacrourus Raf. —Squalus 
vulpes Guielin.) 
The characters of the genus are included above. («Aw7ror, a fox; 
Latin, vnlpes. A. vulpes was known to the ancients as d/M-zvJ.a^ — fox-like.) 
33. A. vulpes (Gmel. ) Bouap. — Thresher; Fox-Shark ; Swinqlc-tail ; Lonej-tail Shark. 
A large shark, abounding in all warm seas, especially in the Mediter- 
ranean and Atlantic. It is also occasionally taken on our Pacilic coast. 
Known at once by the great length of the tail. 
{Squalus vulpes Gmeliii, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 496; Alopecias vulpes Giinther, viii, 3911.) 
Family X.— CARCHARIID^. 
{The Sand Sharks.) 
Body rather elongate, the snout sharp ; month crescent-shaped, wide ; 
the teeth large, long, and narrow, subulate, most of them with one or 
two small cusps at the base, their edges entire; gill-openings rather 
large, all of them in front of the pectorals; two dorsals, moderate, snb- 
equal, the anal similar ; fins, dorsal well behind pectorals ; caudal well 
developed, with a short basal lobe and a notch toward its tip ; no caudal 
keel ; pectorals rather short ; no nictitating membrane ; spiracles minute, 
pore-like. Genera 1 or 2, Carcharias Raf. { = Odontaspis Ag. ; not Car- 
char ias Cnv. = Carcharinus) and TJufiompthodus^’ species 3. Voracious 
sharks of moderate size, chiefly inhabiting the Atlantic. {Lamnida’, part, 
Gunther, viii, 302 ; genus Odontaspis.j 
* Teeth large, awl-.sliaped, all or nearly all of tbeiii with one or two small cusps at the 
base Cauchauias, 25. 
25.— CARCSIAKIAS Rahne.sqne, 1810. 
Sand Sharks. 
( Odoutasjjis Agassiz.) 
(Rafine.sque, Caratteri di Alcnni Nnovi Generi, etc.: type, and only species mentioned, 
Carcharias taurus Raf.) 
Characters of the genus included above. {y.dp/.apo^.j rough.) 
* First and fourth teeth of the upper jaw and first tooth of the lower simple, with- 
out basal cusps. {Euyomphodus Gill.) 
34. C. aiucricitlllis (Mitch.) Jor. & Gilb. — Sand Shark ; Shovcl-nosc. 
Body elongate, its depth one fifth the length ; head rather pointed, 
about one seventh of the length ; fins small, the first dorsal not much 
