424 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY lY. 
former on a level with tlie eyes; caudal fin small, widely forked. Pyloric 
appendages exceedingly numerous. Air-bladder usually wanting. Species 
few, widely distributed, everywhere highly valued for food. {(Tx6fj.l3po<;, 
Latin Scotnher, the ancient name of the common mackerel.) 
a. Air-bladder present, small. 
667. S. pa»eEamatopI»orais De la Roche . — Chub Mackerel ; Tinker Mackerel ; Easter 
Mackerel. 
Bine, with about 20 wavy, blackish streaks, which extend to just be- 
low the lateral line; some of these form reticulations, g.ud inclose pale 
spots of the color of the back; belly and sides silvery; a black axillary 
spot. Head rather pointed. Maxillary reaching front of pupil. Eye 
4 in head, nearly equal to snout; pectoral | length of head. Head 3|; 
depth 5. D. IX— I, 12— V; A. I— I, 11— V. Lat. 1. 200. L. 1 foot. 
Atlantic and Pacific, north to Maine and San Francisco; common in the 
Mediterranean and in Southern California; irregular in its appearance 
on onr Atlantic coast. 
(De la Roche, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist, xiii, 315; Giinther, ii, 359: Scomber grex Mitch. 
Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. 1815, 422: Scomber dekayi Storer, Fish. Mass. 18G7, 52: 
Scomber diego Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. i, 92, 1855: Scomber colias pt. Stein- 
dachner, nec Scomber colias of Giinther and C. & V., which has hut 7 dorsal spines.) 
aa. Air-bladder wanting. 
66S. S. scoanbrus L . — Common Mackerel. 
Lustrous dark blue above, with about 35 wavy, blackish, transverse 
streaks; below silvery; base of pectorals dark. Snout rather long and 
pointed, compressed. Month large, maxillary extending to anterior 
margin of orbit. Veutrals and pectorals short, the former nearly half 
length of head. Eye less than snout, 5 in head. Head 4 in length; 
depth 5J. D. XII — I, 10 — V; A. 1, 11 — V. L. 18 inches. Xorth Atlantic; 
abnndant on both coasts, and occasionally straying to the Pacific. A 
well-known food-fish. 
(Linn. Syst. Nat. : Scomber scomber Gunther, ii, 357 : Scomber vernalis Storer, Hist. 
Fish. Mass. 54.) 
214.— AUXIS Cuvier. 
Frigate Maclcerels. 
(Cuvier, Regne Auim. 1829, ii : type Scomber rochei Risso. ) 
Body oblong, plump, mostly naked posteriorly, anteriorly covered with 
small scales, those of the pectoral region enlarged, forming a corselet. 
Snout very short, conical, scarcely compressed. Month rather small, 
