78 CONTEIBUTIONS TO NOETII AlIEEICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 
§§ Maxillary not slipping under preorbital i)osteriorly Serraxidj:, So, 
ZZZZ. Anal spines 4 to 10. 
Centrarchid^, 84. 
WW. Eyes superior ; mouth nearly verti- 
cal Uranoscopil>.e, 103. 
SS. Vomer without teeth. 
a. Tail with a strong spine on each side; teeth incisor-like Teuthyi>id.Ej 99. 
aa. Tail without spine. 
b. Anal iireceded by 2 free spines ; gill membranes free from isthmus. 
CARAXGID.E, 75. 
bh. Anal without free spines. 
c. Teeth sotiform ; soft parts of vertical fins completely scaly ; body compressed 
and elevated ; anal spines 3 or 4. 
d. Dorsal fin continuous Ch.etodoxtid^, 98. 
dd. Dorsal fin deeply notched Ephippid^, 97. 
cc. Teeth not setiform. 
e. Lateral line obsolete. 
/. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus Gobiid.e, 104. 
ff. Gill membranes free from the isthmus CEXTRARCiiiDiE, 84. 
ev. Lateral line present. 
g. Dorsal fin without distinct .spines; no anal spines IC0STEiD.aE, 101. 
(jtj. Dorsal fin with di.stinct spines. 
7i. Anal spines 1 or 2. 
i. Lateral line interruj)ted ; no slit behind fourth gill. 
PomacentridjE, 96. 
li. Lateral line comi^lete, extending to the tip of the caudal fin ; head 
scaly SciiExiD.E, 91. 
iii. Lateral line complete, extending to the base of the catidal. 
j. Upi>er jaw with posterior canines ; dorsal fin continuous. 
Trachixii).e, 102. 
jj. Upper jaw wdthout canines ; dorsal fins 2 PERCiDiE, 85. 
hh. Anal spines 3. 
i. Anal with more than 15 soft rays. 
J. Preopercle entire EMBioxociniE, 93. 
jJ. Preopercle serrate Strom.ateid^, 77. 
a. Anal with less than 15 soft rays. 
k. Dorsal siiincs 9 or 10. 
L Cheek’s and opercles scaly Gerrid.e, 92. 
?/. Cheeks and opercles chiefly naked LABRiDiE, 95. 
kk. Dor.sal spines 11 to 15. 
m. Upper jaw with posterior canines Labrid..®, 95. 
mm. Upper jaw without posterior canines. 
* Jaws with incisors or molars, or both Sparid^, 88. 
** Jaws with i>ointed teeth only PRiSTiPOMATiDiE, 87. 
kkk. Dorsal spines 17 or more ; anterior teeth canine-like. 
Labrid.e, 9.5. 
bbh. Anal spines 6 Cichlid^, 94. 
EE. Ventral rays more than I, 5. 
«. Caudal fin wanting; scales spinous.. MACRURiDiE, 121. 
nn. Caudal fin well developed. 
0 . Tail isocercal ; vcntrals jugular Gadid^, 120. 
00. Tail diphycercal. 
2>. Ventral rays about 15; dorsal fin single, elevated. 
L^vsipridid^, 80. 
