30. CATOSTOMID^E— CARPIODES. 117 
D. 29 ; A. 10 ; V. 10. Coloratiou jialer ; tLe lower lins sliglitly dusky. 
Mississippi Valley and southward; generally abundant. 
{Caiosfonuis huhahis Kirtland, Rei). Zool. Ohio, 1838, 168, not of Rafinesque ; Biiba- 
lichthys huhahis Agassiz, Ainer. Jourii. Sci. Arts, 185.'>, 195: Biihaliclithys &?<&«/«» Jordan, 
1. c. 206: Scleroijnathus urits Giiiitlier, vii,22; B. altus Nelson MSS. in Jordan, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1877, 73; ai)parentlj" tlie oldest tenable name, certainly belong- 
ing to tbe species.) 
01. — CARPfl©ElE§ Rafinesque. 
Caty Sucl’ers. 
{Sclcrognatli us V alenciennes. ) 
(Rafinesqne, Icbtli. Ob. 1820, 56: type Catostomus cijprinus Le Sneur.) 
Head conijiarativel^^ short and deep, sometimes conic, sometimes 
blunt; its length ranging from 3^ to 5 in that of the body; its upper 
surface always rounded. Eye moderate, median or anterior in jmsi- 
tion. Suborbital bones well developed, their depth about half that of the 
fleshy portion of the cheek below, rontauelle always present, well de- 
veloped. Mouth always small, horizontal and inferior; the mandible 
less than one-third the length of the head ; the lips thin, the uiiper pro- 
tractile, narrow, the lower quite narrow, /^-shaped, or rather fl-shafied, 
behind ; both lips feebly plicate or nearly smooth, the plicm often more 
or less broken up. Jaws without cartilaginous sheath. Muciferous 
system moderately developed. Offercular apparatus well developed; 
the subopercle broad; the operculum in the adult more or less rugose. 
Isthmus moderate. Pharyngeal bones remarkably thin and laterally 
compressed, with a shallow fuiTOw along the anterior margin on the in- 
side, and another more central one on the outline of the enlarged sur- 
faces. Teeth very small, compressed, nearly equally thin along the 
whole inner edge of the bone, forming a fine, comb-like crest of minute 
serratures; their cutting edge rises above the inner margin into a 
prominent ])oint. Gill-rakers of anterior arch slender and stiff above, 
becoming reduced downwards. Body ovate or oblong ; the dorsal outline 
more or less arched; the ventral outline more nearly straight; the depth 
from half to one-third the length ; the sides compressed, the back nota- 
bly so, forming a sort of carina. Caudal peduncle short and deep. 
Scales large, about equal over the body, their posterior margins slightly 
serrate ; lateral line well developed, nearly straight, with 34-11 scales ; 
12-15 scales in a cross-row from dorsal to ventrals. Dorsal fin begin- 
ning near the middle of the body, somewhat in atlvance of ventrals, 
falcate; its anterior rays elevated and often filamentous, their height 
ranging from 4 to 1^ the length of the base of the fin ; the number of 
