142 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 
shortened. (Characters of mouth unknowiij but probably similar to 
viacrolcpidotiini and 2 Joecihirim ; it is said to be “much larger than in 
P. congest us '’\) liio Grande region. {Girard.) 
{Ftychostomiis alhidus Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 17:1; Jordan, Man. Vert. 
315; Jordan, Ball. U. S. Nat. Mns. xii, 128.) 
ddd. Dorsal rays mostly less than 12 ; body very slender. * 
IG^. i?!. cea’Vjaaaiaai (Cope) Jordan. — Jumping Mullet ; Jump-roclcs. 
Head very short, roundish above, rather pointed forwards, about 5 in 
length. Cheeks subvertical, their depth less than half the distance 
from snout to preopercle. *]Mouth rather large, with thick lips, which 
are strongly jilicate, the folds somewhat broken up. Eye small. Fins 
very small ; the dorsal rays 10-12 ; free edge of dorsal straight, its 
longest raj^ less than head. Scales rather large, G-14 to 40-5. Color 
greenish brown ; a pale blotch on each scale, these forming continuous 
streaks along the rows of scales ; back with more or less distinct 
brownish cross-blotches ; tins brownish, not much red, the dorsal black- 
ish at tip. Size smallest in the genus. Length less than a foot. Eivers 
of the South Atlantic States from the James to the Chattahoochee. 
{Teretulus cervinus Cope, Jonru. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1868, 236: Ptgchostomua 
eervinus Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila. 1870, 478; Jordan, Man. Vert. 315; Jordan, 
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mu 3. xii, 129.) 
69.— PI.ACOPIIARYJ\X Cope. 
Big-jaived Sticl’crs. 
(Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila. 1370, 467 : typo riacopliargnx carinatus Cope.) 
Suckers like Moxostoma in all resiiects, except that the pharyngeal 
bones are much more developed and the teeth reduced in number, those 
on the lower half of the bone very large, G-40 in number, nearly cylin- 
dric in form, being but little compressed, and wuth a broad, rounded or 
flattened grinding surface. The forms and positions of these enlarged 
teeth vary greatly. In a specimen before us the first tooth is the high- 
est and most compressed, its summit being rounded and then abruptly 
truncate. The second tooth is notably shorter and thicker, much larger, 
and rounded on top, the body of the tooth serving as a peduncle for the 
swollen grinding surface. The third tooth is still shorter and similar in 
form. The fourth tooth is similar to the first, being mneli higher than 
the second and third, and flat on top. The others seem to be irregu 
larly alternated or arranged in pairs, a long one and a short one, the 
long teeth in all cases being the most truncated, as if their surfaces had 
been most worn ofl‘. The mouth is larger and more oblique than usual 
