85. PERCID^ ALVORDIUS. 501 
Hi. Cheeks naked; operclea scaly above only; space before dorsal naked; muzzle 
blunt. 
d. Ventral shields moderate; colors dull, plain crassm. 
dd. Ventral shields very large, 4 or 5 times the size of the ordinary scales ; colors 
brilliant .voriatns. 
aa. Vertebrae less than 40; dorsal spines 10 or 11; palatine teeth obsolete ; males with 
the lower fins tuberculate in spring. {Ericosma Jordan.) evidcs, fasciatus. 
a. Vertebrae more than 40; dorsal spines 11 to 15; palatine teeth present. (Alvordius.) 
i. Cheeks and oi^ercles entirely scaleless ; head very long and large ; lat. 1. 75 to HO. 
ySl. A. macrocepEaaUis (Cope) Jor. 
Body elongate. Head long and large ; mouth rather large, maxillary 
reaching to opposite anterior margin of orbit. Eye shorter than snout, 
4.} in head. Ventral shields twice as large as other scales. Head, neck, 
and chest without scales. Color light brown, with a slightly undula- 
ting whitish baud from upper angle of opercle to caudal peduncle ; back 
with dark quadrate spots ; sides with 9 blacki.sh longitudinal spots, 
alternating wuth smaller ones; streaks downward and forward from 
eye; vertical fins somewhat barred; spinous dorsal with a median 
blackish band ; head spotted above. Head 3^-; depth 7. D. XY-13; 
A. II, 11; scales 11-77-15. L. 3 inches. Ohio Valley; not very common. 
(Etheostoma viacrovejdialum Cope, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. 1866, 401; Jordan, Man. 
Vert. ed. 2, 220.) 
bb. Cheeks covered with fine scales ; opercles with larger ones. 
c. Head very slender, with long acuminate muzzle ; jaws nearly equal; space be- 
fore dorsal scaled; lat. 1. 65 to 70; lateral blotches small, quadrate. 
YSS. A. pSloXOCepSiaSus (Nelson) Cope & Jordan. 
Body rather slender, compressed. Head extremely long, narrow and 
tapering, the snout very acuminate. Mouth large, the maxillary reach- 
ing to the eye ; the lower jaw unusually narrow and long, scarcely shorter 
than upper. Eye about equal to snout, 4^ in head. Cheeks, opercles, 
and neck with small scales; chest naked. Color yellowish brown, some- 
what as in A. aspro, but the lateral spots smaller and more numerous, 
quadrate in form; a small blackish spot at each end of the lateral line. 
Head 4; depths^. D. XII-IS ; A. II, 9; scales 12-08-14. L. 4 inches. 
Indiana to Kansas ; not common. 
(Etheostoma phoxocephalum Nelson, Bull. Ills. Mus. Nat. Hist, i, 35, 1876; Jordan, 
Man. Vert. Ed. 2d, 221.) 
cc. Head stouter, with wider muzzle; lower jaw included. 
'3'§3. A. a.spB'0 Cope & Jordan — Black-sided Em-ter. 
Body rather elongate, fusiform, compressed behind. Head moderately 
elongate, less pointed than in some of the species. Mouth moderate, 
the lower jaw included ; maxillary reaching just past the front of the 
eye. Eye about equal to snout, 4 in head. Gill-membranes little con- 
