86. SEREANID^ EPINEPHELUS. 
539 
jaw with two series of conical teeth, the inner the largest and movable ; 
vomer and palatines with very small villiform teeth. Preopercle with 
fine denticulations on its i^osterior margin and some coarser ones at the 
angle. Third and fourth dorsal spines highest, the first slightly higher 
than the second. Color not described. Head 24-2|; depth 3^. D. 
XI, 18; A. Ill, 10; L. lat. 145; L. transv. [Goode cfi Bean.) 
Western coast of Florida. 
(Goode & Beau, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. ii, 1879, 141.) 
276.— EPBNEP31ELUS Bloch. 
Groupers* \ 21erous. 
(Bloch, Ichth. 1793; Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth. 1601,299: ijj)e Epinepliclus ruber 
Bloch.) 
Body stout, compressed, covered with small ctenoid scales, which are 
often somewhat embedded in the skin ; 75-140 in the course of the lat- 
eral line ; scales of the lateral line triangular, cycloid ; soft parts of the 
vertical fins generally more or less scaly. Top of cranium narrow, with 
the median crest only developed, the lateral keels being obsolete. Pre-’ 
opercle moderately serrate behind, its lower limb nearly or quite entire, 
rarely with an antrorse spine; opercle with two strong spines. Mouth 
large ; maxillary with a well-developed sui^iilemental bone. Canine 
teeth few, large, in the front of the jaws; enlarged teeth of the inner 
series of each jaw depressible. Gill-rakers short. Dorsal spines usually 
9 or 11, not filamentous, the last ones somewhat shorter than the middle 
ones. Anal spines 3, the second usually the larger; the number of soft 
rays 7-9. Caudal fin rounded. Pyloric coeca usually few (usually 10- 
20). Species very numerous, most of them of large size, abounding 
in all the troiiical seas, where they are among the most valuable food- 
fishes. [i-tvt^eXocj clouded ; in allusion to a supposed adipose mem- 
brane covering the eye.) 
Dorsal spines 11. 
a. Pyloric cceca less than 3.5. {Epinepbelus.) 
§47. E. capreolMS (Poey) J. & G. — CabriUa. 
Brown, everywhere covered with round dark spots regularly placed, 
largest below, smallest near the dorsal fin, those below about as large 
as the pupil; two larger black spots at base of spinous dorsal, partly on 
the fin; a few roundish pale spots on the bodj'; fius all spotted; pec- 
A corruption of the Portuguese name, Garrupa, 
