540 COXTRIBUTIOXS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 
torals and veutrals finely mottled, the pectorals with a narrow pale 
edge. Body ovate, rather slender, the head long and pointed. Lower 
jaw slightly projecting; maxillary extending nearly to the posterior 
border of the orbit; four small canines in front of lower jaw. Pre- 
opercle slightly emarginate, its edge finely serrate. Scales small, those 
on cheeks, breast, and top of head very small. Caudal rounded; pec. 
toral fin extending beyond tips of veutrals, to vent; second anal spine 
rather strong. Head 2f ; depth 3. H. XI, IG; A. HI, 7 ; Lat. 1. about 80. 
Florida to the Caribbean Sea; abundant in the West Indies; an excel- 
lent food-fish. The synonjuny of this species is much confused, and the 
name to be adopted is uncertain. 
Perea maculata Bloch, Ichth. 181, taf. 343, 1797 ; not Holocenirus maciilatus Bloch, 
Ichth. taf. 242, which is also apparently an Epinephelus: f Sjyarus atlanticus Lac^p. 
Hist. Nat. Poiss. iv, 158,1802 (based on Bloch.): ^Stiranus Muller & Tro- 
schel, Schomburgk, Excurs. Barbadoet'. 665: ? Serranua maculatus and impetiginoam 
Giinther, i, 130, 142: Serranua capreolua Poey, Memorias, ii, 145: Serranua capreolua 
Vaillant, Miss. Sci. an Mex. iv, 87.) 
84 §. E. drtiiiimoiid-Ihiayi Goode & Bean. — Hind; John Paw. 
Color umber brown, e^'erywhere densely covered with white stellate 
spots except on the lips and belly; about 40 of these between gill-open- 
ings and base of caudal; along the sides the spots often coalesce. Pre- 
opercle evenly serrate. Eye 6^ in head. Caudal truncate or slightly 
emarginate. Head ; depth 2f. D. XI, 16; A. Ill, 9; scales 32-125- 
57. Gulf coast of United States. {Goode db Bean.) 
(Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. i, 174, 1878.) 
849. E. niorio (Cuv.) GiU. — Eed Grouper. 
Brownish, marbled with ash; salmon color below; soft parts of the 
vertical fins margined with blue. Body oval, compressed above; pro- 
file oblique, gently curved; mouth terminal, large, somewhat oblique; 
maxillary reaching beyond eye. Eye about as long as snout. Head 
24; depth 3. D. XI, 17 ; A. Ill, 9; Lat. 1. lOG; coeca 28. Atlantic coast, 
chiefly southward. 
(Serranua morio Cuv. & Val. ii, 285: Serranua morio Giinther, i, 142: Serramia erijthro- 
gaater Holbrook, Ich. S. C. 1860, 34.) 
850. E. ni^ritlis (Holbrook) Gill. — Blaclc Grouper; Jeic-fiah. 
Bluish black above, lighter below; no red; no traces of markings on 
body or fins. Body oblong, thick, tapering backward. Mouth large, 
very oblique, lower jaw projecting. A spine on the lower limb of the 
preopercle in front of the angle. Head 2§ ; depth about 2%. D. X, 15; 
