37. CLUPEID^ CLUPEA. 
267 
fin inserted nearer snout than base of caudal. Peritoneum pale. Head 
4; depth 3|. 13.15; A. 21; Lat. 1.50; ventral scutes 20 + 16. New- 
foundland to Florida; rather coimnon. Little valued as a food-fish. 
(Mitch. Traus. Lit. & Phil. Sue. N. Y. i, 451: Clnpea maitowacca QnnthGv, vii, 438: 
Alotsa llneata Storor, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, ii, 242, and Hist. Fish. Mass. 1(12.) 
411. C. vei’iiaBis Mitch. — Aleivife; Branch Herring; Gasperean. 
Blue above; sides silvery^ indistinct dark stripes along the rows of 
scales; a blackish spot behind opercle. Body rather deep and com- 
pressed, heavy forward. Head short, nearlj^ as deep as long, the pro- 
file somewhat steep and slightly depressed above the nostrils. jMaxil- 
' lary extending to posterior margin of pupil. Lower jaw somewhat pio- 
jectiug ; upper jaw emarginate. Eye large, slightly longer than snout, 
3i in head. Gill-rakers long, 30-40 below the angle of the arch, shorter 
and stouter than in C. sapidissima. Lower lobe of caudal the longer. 
Dorsal fin high, a little higher than long, its height 6 Jin length of body. 
Head 4|; depth 3J. D. 16; A. 19; Lat. 1. 50; scutes 21 + 14. Perito- 
neum pale. Atlantic coast of the United States; abundant; entering 
streams to spawn; land-locked in the lakes of Western New York. 
(Mitcliill, Eept. Fish. N. Y. 22. and Traus. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. i, 454: Clupca 
pseudoharengus\\' i\s,on, Eees’s EucycL: Alosa tyrannus Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass. 156: 
Pomolobus pseudoharengus Gill, Eept. U. S. Fish Com. 1871-72, 811: Pomolobus vernalin 
Goode & Beau, Bull. Essex lust. 1879, 24.) 
445. C. sesIivaSis Mitchill. — Glut Herring ; Blue-bdch. 
Very similar to the preceding, from which it is best distinguished by 
the black peritoneum. The fins are lower and the eyes smaller. At- 
lantic coast, appearing later than the preceding; less abundant and 
less valuable as a food-fish. 
(Clupea oistivalis Mitch. Traus. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. il, 1814, 456: Alosa cyanonoton 
Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass. 161 : Pomolobus wstivalis Goode & Beau, Bull. Essex lust. 
1879, 24.) 
tt Cheeks deeper than long, the preopercle scarcely prolonged anteriorly helow; uo 
teeth, or a few, caducous, ou the jaws; shad. {Alosa Cuvier.*) 
446. C. sapidassiBBsa Wilson. — Common Shad. 
Bluish above; sides white or silvery; a dark spot behind ojiercle, and 
sometimes several along the line dividing the color of the back from 
that of the sides; axil dusky; peritoneum white. Body comparatively 
deep. Mouth rather large, the jaws about equal, the lower fitting into 
a notch in the tip of the uiiper. Preorbital moderate. Cheeks much 
* Cuvier, Eegne Auini. cd. 2, 1829: type Clupea alosa L. (Latiu alausa or alosa, :m 
early name of the shad; English allis, German alse, Latiu halec.) 
