2G8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 
deeper tliaii long, the preopercle exteudiug little forward, joiuiug- the 
mandible at a point rather behind the eye. Gill-rakers extremely long 
and slender, much longer than eye, about GO below the angle of the 
arch. Fins small. Dorsal much nearer snout than base of caudal. 
Head 4:^ -, depth 3. D. 15; A. 21; Lat. 1. GO; veutral scutes 21 -f IG. 
Atlantic coast of the United States; ascending rivers to spawn. One 
of the most imj^ortaut of our food-fish. ^Iso introduced on the Pacific 
coast. 
(Wilson, Rees’s Encyclopedia: Alosa prceslabilis DeKay, New York Fauna, Fisk. 255: 
Alosa sajndisaima of most late American writers.) 
1 23. — HAKE A HE LA Valenciennes. 
(Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. xx, 277, 1847 : type llarengula latidus Val.) 
Characters essentially those of the genus Chipea, except that the 
scales are firm, adherent, and regularly arranged. (Latin diminutive 
of harengus, herring.) 
447. II. peiisacolae Goode &, Bean. 
Body deep, with projecting belly, formed much as in the shad. 
Head very short. Scales of the back in front of dorsal with radiating 
strite and sharply serrated edges; other scales smooth, with irregular 
but unarmed free margins; scales all marked with wavy lines, some- 
times forming reticulations. Lower jaw rather long, maxillary ex- 
tending beyond front of orbit. Teeth very small, inconspicuous in the 
jaws. A large patch of asperities on the tongue. Gill-rakers fine, close 
set, shorter than the eye, about 5G below the angle. Eye large, longer 
than snout, 3 in head. Head i; depth 3. D. IG; A. 17; Lat. 1. 40; 
scutes 12 behind ventrals. Pensacola, Fla. [Goode cfi Bean.) 
[Harengula pensacoJce Goode & Bean, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 152.) 
124.— OPISTHOGENIA Gill. 
Thread Herring. 
(Gill, Proc. Acad. Naf. Sci. Phila. 1861, 57: type Clupea tJirissa Oskeck.) 
Characters essentially those of Hareng 2 ila, except that the last ray of 
the dorsal is produced in a long filament as in Borosoma. [o-taOe., be- 
hind ; a thread.) 
44 S. O. tEirissa (Oskeck) Gill. 
Bluish above; silvery below; an indistinct bluish shoulder-spot; each 
scale on the back with a dark spot, these forming longitudinal streaks. 
Body oblong, compressed. Belly strongly serrate. Tongue with minute 
teeth. Jaws toothless; lower jaw slightly projecting; maxillary reach- 
