39. ENGEAULIDID^. 
271 
126. — DOROSOMA Eafinesque. 
Gizzard Shad. 
{Cliaioessus Cuvier, 1829.) 
(Rafinesque, Iclith. Oil. 1820, 39: type Dorosoma noiata Raf. = Cli/pm hcfenira Raf.) 
Cliaracters of the family, with the addition that the last ray of the 
dorsal is prolonged and filiform as in Opisihonema and Megalops. 
a lance; ffcS/ia, body ; in allusion to the form of the body in the young.) 
451. I>. cepediamam (Le S.) Gill. — Gizzard Shad ; Jliclcory Shad. 
Silvery; bluish above; young with a round dark spot at the shoulder; 
tips of ventrals and edge of anal often dusky. Body deep, compressed, 
the back elevated in the adults. Dorsal about median, its filamentous 
ray about as long as head, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter. Caudal 
widely forked, the lower lobe the longer. Head 4^-; depth 2|. Eye 4^ 
in head. D. 12; A. 31; Lat. 1. 5G; L. transv. 23; scutes 17-1- !-• B. 1.1 
inches. Cape Cod to Mexico; abundant southward, entering all rivers, 
and permanently resident (“var. heteriiriim’^) everywhere in the Missis- 
sippi Valley in the larger streams; also introduced into Lake Michigan 
and Lake Erie, and land-locked in ponds from Jlew Jersey to Nebraska 
and Texas. A handsome fish, of no value as food. 
{Megalops cepediana Le Sueur, Jouni. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1817, 361 : Chntoessus 
cepedianus Giinther, vii, 409: Clupea hcterura Raf. Amer. Mouth. Mag. 1818, 354: 
Chaiuessus elliptieus Kirtland, Bost. Jouru. Nat. Htst. iv, 235.) 
Family XXXIX— ENGFAULIDIDaE. 
{The Anehovies.) 
Body elongate, more or less compressed, covered with thin, cycloid 
scales. Head compressed. Mouth extremely large, nearly horizontal, 
usually overlapped by a iiointed, compr3ssed, pig-like snout, flape 
very wide, the maxillary very long and slender, formed of about three 
pieces, extending backward far behind the eye; in some genera, much 
beyond the head. Premaxillaries not protractile, very small, firmly 
joined to the maxillaries. Teeth small, variously arranged, usually fine 
and even, in a single row in each jaw. Eye large, well forward, so that 
the snout is veiy short. Preorbital narrow. Opercles little developed, 
membranaceous. Gill-rakers long and slender. Branchiostegals slender, 
7-14 in number. Gill-membranes separate or joined, free from the isth- 
mus. Pseudobranchhe present. No lateral line. Belly rounded or weakly 
