212 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — tV. 
■** Species of small size, with the mouth subiuferior and horizontal ; the dorsal fin in- 
serted slightly in front of the ventrals, and the scales generally large and sil- 
very (■? Hybopsis Agassiz). 
h. Teeth two-rowed cumingi, liicens, amblops, rubrifrons, hijpsinotus. 
bb. Teeth one-rowed dissimiUs, sterletus, cestivalia, gelidiia. 
*** Species of small size, with the mouth subinferior and horizontal, with thickened 
lips ; the dorsal fin inserted slightly behind the ventrals, usually with a black 
blotch on its last rays ; scales rather large, silvery. 
labrosus, zanemus, motiachus. 
^Species of large size, with the mouth anterior, the lower jaw included; the dorsal 
fin slightly behind the ventrals. (Ceraiichthys.) 
326. C. (Kirt.) Grd. — Horny Head ; River Chub ; Jerker. 
Body rather robust, little elevated, little compressed. Head large, 
rather broadly rounded above; the snout conical, bluntish. Mouth 
rather large, subteriniual, little oblique, the lower jaw somewhat the 
shorter, the upper lip rather below the level of the eye, and the maxil- 
lary not reaching to the front of the eye. Eye small, median, high up. 
Suborbitals very narrow ; preorbital large. Fins moderate; the dorsal 
rather jjosterior, slightly behind the insertion of the ventrals ; caudal 
broad, little forked. Scales large, not crowded anteriorly, 18 rows in 
front of the dorsal. Lateral line somewhat decurved. Color bluish 
olive; sides with bright green and copper^'’ reflections; a curved 
•dusky bar behind the opercle ; scales above with dark borders ; belly 
pale, but not silvery, rosy in spring males ; flns all pale orange, with- 
out black spot. Males in spring with a crimson spot on each side of 
the head; the adults with the top of the head swollen, forming a sort 
of crest, which is sometimes a third of an inch higher than the level of 
the neck and is covered with large tubercles ; young with a dark caudal 
spot. Barbel well developed. Head 4; depth 4L. D. 8; A. 7 ; scales 
3-41-4; teeth 1, 4-4, 1, or 1, 4-4, 0, sometimes 4-4. L. 3-9 inches. 
Pennsylvania to the Great Basin of Utah and southward; everywhere 
• abundant. The most widely difliised of our Gyprinidce. Western speci- 
imens usually have the teeth in two rows. 
{Semotiius biguttatus Kirtlancl, Bust. Jouru. Nat. Hist. 1840, iii, 344; Cope, Cypr. 
Penn. 1866, 366; Gunther, vii, 178: Nocomis nebrascensis and ? Noconiis bellicus Girard, 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 213 ; Ceratichthys cyclotis and stigmaticus Cope, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 277, 278 : Ceratichthys qjcloHs GiintheT, vii, 178: Ceratich- 
thys stigmaticus Gunther, vii, 179.) 
327. C. luicropogon Cope. 
Body moderately stout. Head much as in Mmnilus cornutus, broad, 
the muzzle obtuse, the profile rounded, descending. Mouth slightly 
oblique, its angle opposite front of the orbit. Eye 3^ in head. Barbel 
minute. Caudal peduncle slender. Yellowish brown, with brown ver- 
