94. LABRID.E — TAUTOGA, 
599 
315^CTE]VOL,ABRUS Cuvier & Valenciennes. 
Gunners. 
(Cuv. et Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. xiii, 223, 1839: type Labrns rupestris L. of Europe.) 
Body oblong, not elev^ated, comparatively slender and compressed. 
Head moderate, more or less pointed. Teeth in the jaws in several 
series, the outermost very strong; the teeth unequal, conical, and 
pointed; no posterior canines. Cheeks with small scales; opercles 
with large ones. Preopercle with the vertical limb finely serrated. 
Branchiostegals 5. Gill-membranes considerably united, free from the 
isthmus; gill-rakers short. Scales moderate, 35-50 in the lateral line; 
lateral line coutiiiuons, abruptly bent opposite posterior part of second 
dorsal. Dorsal long and low, the spinous portion much longer than the 
soft, of lG-18 low, subequal, rather strong spines; soft dorsal slightly 
elevated ; anal fin similar to soft dorsal, with three strong graduated 
spines; caudal truncate; j^ectorals short, the ventrals inserted behind 
their axils, (zrsrc, x-svwt, a comb; Labrus, a related genus, from the 
Latin labruni, lij).) 
a. Interopercle naked. (TaMfoyotaftn/s Giintlier.*) 
941. C. adspersais (Walk.) Goode. — Gunner; Clioejset; Blue Perch. 
Brownish blue, with more or less of a brassy lustre; colors variable; 
young variegated and with a black blotch on the dorsal fin. Eye mode- 
rate, broader than preorbital, 4i in head. Head in length; depth 3. 
D. XVIII, 10; A. Ill, 9; Lat. 1. 45. L. 12 inches. Newfoundland to 
Cape Hatteras; common northward, about rocks. 
{Labrus adspersus Walbaum, Artedi, Pise. 1792, 254: Ctenolabrus burgall Giiuther, iv, 
90: Ctenolabrus cwruleus Storer, Hist. Fish Mass. 234.) 
316.— TAUTOGA Mitchill. 
Tautogs. 
(Mitchill, Report Fish New York, 1814, 23: type Labrus tautoga Mitchill = Tattfogfa 
nigia Mitchill = ia&nts onitis L.) 
Body oblong, not elevated nor greatly compressed. Head large, 
nearly as deep as long, with a convex profile. Mouth rather small. 
Teeth very strong, conical, in two series; the outer somewhat incisor- 
like; the two anterior teeth in each jaw strong; the posterior teeth 
small, without canines. Eye small, high up. Cheeks with small scales. 
*Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. iv, 90: type Labrus burgall Bloch aud Schueider: 
\_Tautoga; Labrus.'^ 
