107. COTTID^ — COTTUS. 
701 
bones, orbital rim, and shoulder girdle usually armed; gill-membraues 
formiug- a fold across the rather narrow isthmus; slit behind last gill 
small or wanting, often reduced to a mere pore; vertebra; about ‘2S. 
Branchiostegals mostly 6. Dorsal fins 2, separate, the first short, its 
spines rather slender; ventral rays usually I, 3. Species numerous in 
the seas of northern regions, (xwr-o?, the ancient name of Uranklca 
(johio, from /.oz-aqy head.) 
a. Head Avitli small tentacles; lateral line -with distinct plates. 
1071 . C. btabaSis Euphraseu. — Father -lasher. 
Colors variegated, the dark markings sometimes red. Head broad, 
depressed, covered tvith soft skin, in which are many mucous pores; 
maxillary reaching past middle of orbit; upper preopercular spine 
straight, slightly longer than eye; opercular spine granulated at base; 
small cirri above eye and elsewhere on head; usually one on end of 
maxillary; cranial bones mostly covered by skin; lateral line with 
some bouy itlates, which are most distinct anteriorly; these are very 
much smaller than in Enoplirys bison; interocnlar si)ace very narrow, 
its ridges continuing backward, serrated, each ending in a sharp spine; 
no trace of slit behind last gill; spinous dorsal low; anal small; pecto- 
rals reaching front of anal; veiitrals moderate. Head 2§; dex)th 3§. 
D. VIII-12; A. 9; Yertebrae 12 + 17. Arctic Europe; said to stray to 
Greenland. . 
(Enphrasen, Nya Schwed. Abliaudl. 1786, 64; Gunther, ii, 164; Day, Fish. Gt. Brit. 
Ireland, 1880, 51.) 
aa. Head without tentacles; lateral line unarmed or with concealed plates. 
1072 . C. octo<{lecimsB»iaBOSBis Mitch. 
Olivaceous, with transverse dark bars, paler below; fins barred and 
mottled; ventrals plain. Body very slender, tapering backward to 
the long and slender caudal peduncle. Head long and narrow; mouth 
moderate; maxillary not extending past eye, 2^ in head. Upper pre- 
opercular spine extremely long, longer than eye, extending bejmnd tip 
of opercular spine, its length more than 4 times that of the spine below 
it; a strong spine at upper posterior margin of orbit directed upward 
and backward; occipital ridges long, low, converging behind, each 
ending in a similar spine. Vertex nearly flat. Eye very large, as long 
as snout, 44 in head, much wider than iuterorbital space; nasal spiues 
.sharp. Skin usually without rough tubercles; lateral line with a series 
of partly concealed plates. Spinous dorsal higher than soft dorsal; 
the spiues stroug, the longest nearly half head; pectorals reaching 
