806 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 
than broad, with siipraoccipital crest continued forwards on the bone, 
and near tlie front expanded upwards, and with the expanded portion 
behind dividing into narrow lateral icings; the lateral testiforui ridges 
of the frontal are continued forwards and curved outicards towards the 
antero-lateral angles; the anterior frontals are mostly covered in front 
by the great froutal, and are much developed in the direction of the 
antero-lateral angles, the inferior expanded axillary portion being very 
narrow; the nasal has a rounded ridge in front, continued well below, 
and its x^osterior crest is laminar and trenchant.” 
{Gadns proximiis Grcl. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 141, and in U. S. Pac. R. R. 
Snrv. 142: Morrhua californica Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1854, 9: Gadus calif or- 
tiicus Giinther, iv, 332: Microgadus proximu8 Gill.) 
1242. O. tomcod "Walb. — Tom-cod; Frost-fish. 
Olive brown, distinctly blotched and spotted with darker, lighter on 
the belly; more opaque than in G. proximus ; back and sides profusely 
punctulate; dorsals and caudal blotched with darker; anals coarsely 
punctulate anteriorly, colorless posteriorly; ventrals and .pectorals 
dusky. Snout rounded, less produced than in G. proximus ; mouth 
short; maxillary 2^ in head, reaching pupil; eye large, 3| in head; 
barbel small; jtectorals reaching vent; ventrals filamentous, not reach- 
ing vent. Vent under interval between first .and second dorsals. 
Head 3|; depth 5. D. 13-17-18; A. 20-17. L. 11 feet. Virginia to 
Labrador; common northward. 
{Gadus tom-cod Walbaum, Artcdi, Pise. 1792, 133: Morrhua pruinosa Storer, Fish. 
Mass. 357 : Gadus iomcodus Giinther, iv, 331: Microgadiis tomcodus Gill.) 
aa. Lower jaw projecting; barbel small, sometimes obsolete. 
e. Upper jaw with its teeth subequal. (Pofiac7ii«s Nilss.*) 
1243. O. vifCBis L. — Pollack; Coal-fish; Green Cod. 
Greenish browm above; sides and below somewhat silvery; lateral 
line pale; fins mostly pale; sometimes a black spot in the axil. Body 
rather elongate, compressed; snout sharp and conic; mouth rather 
small, oblique; maxillary reaching beyond front of orbit; lower jaw 
slightly the longer; teeth in the upper jaw nearly equal, the outer 
series not being esjiecially enlarged; barbel rudimentary or obsolete. 
Gill -membranes considerably united, free from isthmus. Vent under 
first dorsal. Caudal fin lunate. Pectorals short, scarcely reaching 
* Nilsson; Bonajjarte, Catologo Metodico, 1846, 45: tyi>e Gadus pollachius L. 
{■xoXXaiJx, inany-lashioned ; an old name, Avith no obvious apidication ; perhaps 
merely a latinized form of the common name.) 
