186 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 
tU Sjiecies of small size, with the scales not much deeper than long, less closely 
imbricated ; body oblong or elongate, little elevated ; month 
moderate, oblique or horizontal ; dorsal fin inserted close be- 
hind veutrals; nuptial colors mostly brilliant (Alburnops 
G rd.). 
roseus, ruhricroceus, littijnnnis, ,chlorocepliaIus, chUiticus, chalyho’us, 
chrosomiis, xtenoceplialus, pJuinbeohis, lacertosus, shumardi, hlennhts. 
tt Teeth without evident grinding surface. 
a. Teeth with the edges serrate; scales closely imbricated c.ercost'ujma. 
aa. Teeth not serrate; scales looselj^ imbricated, scarcely higher than long. 
J). Dorsal fin inserted directly over theventrals; anal rays 7-i); eye very 
large; scales large (‘‘Episema” Cope & Jordan). 
ariommus, scahricepa, jtjtmus, Icuciodus. 
hi). Dorsal inserted behind ventrals aUipmnis, amahiUs, meyalopa. 
** Scales small, about 55 in the lateral line hivittatus, timpanogeims. 
Anal fin more or less elongate, its rays 10-14. 
c. Scales comparatively small, more or less closely imbricated, and with 
the exposed edges deep, as in Codoma and Luxllus ; scales in 
front of dorsal small ; teeth with grinding surface more or 
less developed. (Lythrurus Jordan.) 
d. A black 8X)ot at base of dorsal in front. 
cyanocephalus, atripes, dipla’mhta, ardens, punctulatus. 
dd. A black sjiot at the nxijier anterior jiart of dorsal ruhripinnis. 
ddd. No distinct black si)ot on the dorsal. 
e. Body shoi’t and deej) hell us. 
ee. Body slender and elongate viaiiifiuus, Urns. 
cc. Scales comiiaratively large, not higher than long, and not closely im- 
bricated ; scales in front of dorsal large ; teeth without grind- 
ing surface. (Minnilus.) 
f. Anal fin long, with about 14 rays oUgaspis. 
ff. Anal fin moderate, its rays 10 or 11. 
g. Scales above lateral line in about 9 series umhratilie. 
gg. Scales above lateral line in 5-7 series. 
h. Ventral fins reaching beyond middle of dorsal. 
ecepticus, photogenis, iedescopus, stilhius, percohromus, ru- 
hell us, dlnemus, ruhrifrons, jcmezanus. 
hh. Ventral fins scarcely reaching beyond fro,;it of dorsal. 
inicroptei'yx. 
^ Aifal fin short, its rays 7-9 (rarely 10). 
* Scales large, 35-50 in the later.al line. 
t Teeth with the grinding surface more or less develoxied. 
t Sjiecies attaining a large size, with the scales along the flanks nearly 
twice as deexi as long, and so closely imbricated that the exposed sur- 
faces are very narrow ; back elevated and convex in the adult male ; 
the lower jaw inclutled; tlorsal fin inserted directly oxq)osite ventrals. 
(Luxilus Raf.*) 
260. i?I. corBsaitBis (Mitchill) J. & G. — Shiner; Bed-fin; Dace. 
Body elongate in the young, in the adult short, compressed, with 
the anterior dorsal region much swollen and gibbons. Head rather 
heavy, compressed, rounded between the eyes, the snout bluutish. 
Mouth moderate, nearly horizontal, the jaws nearly equal, the lower 
somewhat included. Eye moderate, 4-5 in head, maxillary scarcely 
*Rafinesque, Ichth. Oh. 1820, 47 : type Luxilus chrysocephalusllaL — Cyprinus cornutus 
Mitch. (From Latin htr, light — “Shiner”.) {— Hypsilepis Biiivd.) 
