226 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 
longer than deep. Lateral line decnrved. Dorsal fin well back, some- 
what behind ventrals. Anal basis short. Caudal fin strong, its rudi- 
mentary rays not greatly developed. Intestinal canal short. Teeth 2, 
5-4, 2; the straight limb of the pharyngeal bone extremely long and 
slender, its teeth wide apart, siibconical, scarcely compressed, and but 
slightly curved at tip, the hook being turned in the direction of the 
angle of the bone ; no trace of grinding surface. Fishes of very large 
size, reaching a length of more than 4 feet, the largest of the Leuciscine 
Cypriiiidce. With a general resemblance to Squalius and Gila, this genus 
differ strong!}^ in the form of the pharyngeal bones and teeth. 
fold; /jiio:, li]); the skia of the mouth behind the jaws being folded.) 
335. P. oregoiiensis (Rich.) Grtl. — Sacramento ‘‘Pike.” 
Body comparatively robust, with stout caudal peduncle. Mouth large, 
the maxillary reaching middle of the eye. Eye small, 2^ in snout, 7^ 
in head ; in young specimens the eye is proportionately much larger. 
Lateral line strongly decurved, much nearer belly than back. Coloration 
olivaceous ; the fins in spring with red or.orange ; scales thickly i)unctate 
with dark dots. Head 4; depth 5. D. 8; A. 8; scales 12-73-G (13-70-9 
in Columbia River specimens); teeth 2, 5-4, 2 (in all specimens exam- 
ined; not 2, 5-5, 2, nor 2, 4-4, 2). L. 3-5 feet. Rivers of the Pacific 
slope, chiefly west of the Sierra Nevada. Largest of our Cyprinidca. 
{Cyprinus {Leuciscns) oregonensis Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer. iii, 305, 1836: PUjcho- 
cheiliis gracilis and major Agassiz, Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1855, 229: Gila grandis 
Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1854, 18: Ptgchocheilus oregonensis and grandis 
Girard, U. S. Pac. R. R. Surv. Fish. ‘.i98-300: Leudscits grandis and oregonensis Giin- 
ther, vii, 239.) 
356. P. rapax Grd. 
Body shorter and deeper than in Pt. oregonensis. Head similar, rather 
more depressed above. Mouth large, the maxillary reaching middle of 
eye. Lateral line moderately decurved, passing along the median line 
of the body between dorsal and ventrals. Dorsal inserted but little be- 
hind ventrals. Coloration dark; the sides somewhat clouded; fins 
plain. Head 3|; depth 4g. D. 0; A. 8; Lat. 1. 78. L. 12 inches. 
Monterey, California. Perhaps not distinct from the foregoing. 
(Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1856, 209, and U. S. Pac. R. R. Surv. x, 300.) 
357. P. liai’lordi Jor. & Gilb. 
Form, of P. oregonensis, but more slender, the lateral line similarly 
much decurved. Scales much smaller than in P. oregonensis. Caudal less 
deeply forked, the pectoral longer, reaching f to ventrals. Head 4; 
