264 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 
serrature. Moiitli essentially as in Clupca. Teeth none, or ininnte and 
deciduous. Gill-membranes separate, with about G Hat branchiostegals. 
Pseudobranchiie well developed. Dorsal opposite ventrals; anal hn 
short. Stomach with long, blind sac; pyloric coeca in moderate num- 
ber. Tacihc and Indian Oceans. {S^) ratelliis, simit] resemblance.) 
•138. 8. SjQ’yoporaas Cope. 
Form comi)ressed, moderately elongate. Belly rounded, except be- 
tween ventral tins and vent, where it is angular. Maxillary broad, 
flat, reaching to opposite middle of pupil. Yentrals a little in front of 
middle of dorsal. Lower fins short. Pectorals 2^ in distance to ven- 
trals. Golden; bluish above. Top of head with a bifurcate depression, 
filled with delicate, branching mucous tubules; opercular and post- 
frontal regions with similar tubes. Head 5; de^ith 4J. D. 18; A. 18; 
scales 51-12. L. 14 inches. Coast of Alaska. {Cope.) 
(Copo, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila. 1873.) 
122. — C1<UPEA Liimaeus. 
Herrings. 
{Clupea, Alosa, PomoJobus, Meletta, Spratdla, etc., of authors.) 
(Linnaeus, Syst. Nat.: type Clupea harengus L.) 
Body oblong, more or less compressed. Month moderate, terminal, 
the jaws about equal, or the lower projecting Teeth feeble, variously 
placed, rarely absent. Mandibles very deep at base, shutting within 
the maxillaries. Gill-rakers more or less long and slender, numerous. 
Scales thin, cycloid, deciduous, entire, rounded posteriorly. Dorsal fin 
rather short, nearly median, beginning in advance of ventrals, its pos- 
terior ray not itrolonged in a filament. Yentrals present. Anal mod- 
erate. Belly comiiressed, more or less strongly serrated, at least be- 
hind ventrals. Sfiecies very numerous ; found in all seas. (Latin cbqicfl, 
a herring.) 
Our species may be divided as follows : 
Vomer 'vvith an ovate i^atch of teeth; ventral serratures weak ; herrings (Ci.upea). 
harengus, mirabil is. 
** Vomerine teeth none. 
t Cheeks longer than deep, the preoiiercle xiroduced forward helow. (PoMOLonus 
Raf.) 
a. Ventral serratures weak sagax. 
aa. Veutral serratures strong. 
b. Jaws with x>ersistent teeth chrysochloris. 
bb. Jaws without XJersistent teeth (Meletta Val.). 
mediocris, vcrnalis, cvstivalis. 
It Cheeks deex)er than long; shad (Alosa Cuvier) 8 a 2 )idissima. 
