46. SALMOXID^ SALMO. 
309 
pyloric cceca 7o-95. Vertebrae 04. L. 24 inches. TVeight 4 to 8 pounds. 
Columbia Eiver to Kamtschatha; generally abundant, especially north- 
ward; ascending streams in spring to gTeat distances, and often fi'e- 
quenting mountain lakes in fall, spawning in their small tributaries; one 
of the most graceful of the Sahnoriidce, scarcely inferior to the Quinnat 
when fresh, but the flesh more watery and less valnable when canned. 
(Salmo nerlca Walbaum, Artedi, Pise. 1792, 71: Salmo nerka Bloch & Schneider, 1801, 
417: Sahno lycaodon Pallas, Zoogr. Eoss. Asiat. iii, 370: SaJmo japonensis Valias, 1. c. : 
‘f Salmo dermatinus and consuetus Eichardson, Voyage Herald, Zool. 167, 168 (probably 
O.keta): ASalmopai/cidews Eichardson, Fauna Bor. -Anier. iii, 222: Oncorhynchus lycaodon 
pt. and 0. paucidens Gunther, vii, 155, 158 : Salmo cooperi, paucidens, icarreni, and 
richardi, Suckley, Monogr. Salmo, 92, etseq.; Jordan, Man. Vert. 357; Jordan, Proc. 
U. S. Xat. Mus. i, 71, 1878: Salmo Jcennerlyi Suckley, Ann. Lyc. Xat. Hist. X. Y. vii, 
307, 1861, and Monogr. Salmo, 145 (young male or grilse, in breeding season) : Salmo 
kcnnerlyi Gunther, vi, 120: Hypsifario kennerlyi Gill, Proc. Acad. X'at. Sci. Phila. 1362, 
330: Oncorliynclius kennerlyi Jordan, Man. Vert. 357, and in Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus. i, 
72, 1878: f Salmo tapdisma, arabatscli, and melampierus Cuv. &, Val. xxi, 314-6.) 
1«50. — SAliJlO Linnaeus. 
Salmons. 
(Artedi; Linnaeus, Syst. Xat. : type Salmo salar L.) 
Body elongate, somewhat comiiressed. Month large; jaws, palatines, 
and tongue toothed, as in related genera ; vomer flat, its shaft not de- 
pressed, a few teeth on the chevron of the vomer, behind which is a 
somewhat irregular single or double series of teeth, which are some- 
times deciduous with age. Scales large or small, 110-200 in a longitu- 
dinal series. Dorsal and anal fins short, of about 11 rays each; caudal 
fin truncate, emarginate, or forked, its peduncle comparatively stout. 
Sexual iieculiarities variously developed ; the males in typical species 
with the jaws prolonged and the front teeth enlarged, the lower jaw- 
being hooked upwards at the end and the upper jaw emarginate or jier- 
forate. In some species these peculiarities are little marked. Species 
of moderate or large size, black- spotted, abounding in the rivers and 
lakes of Xortheru America, Asia, and Europe; one or two Atlantic 
species marine and auadromous. The nou-migratory species (subgenus 
Fario) are in both continents extremely numerous, closely related, and 
diflScult to distinguish. The excessive variations in color and form have 
given rise to a host of nominal species. European writers have de- 
scribed numerous hybrids among the various species of Salmo, real and 
nominal, found in their waters; as also among the various European 
Cypi'inidcc. We have thus far failed to find the slightest evidence of 
any hybridism either among our American Salmonidce or Cyprinidee, 
in a state of nature. Puzzling aberrant or intermediate specimens 
