312 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 
501. S. sal:ir Limuous. — Common Atlantic Salmon. 
r> 0 (ly moderately elongate, syiniuetrical, not greatly compressed. 
Head ratlier low. Mouth moderate, the maxillary reaching just past 
the eye, its length 2il-3 in head; in young specimens the maxillary 
is proportionately shorter, rreopcrcuhim with a distinct lower limb, 
the angle rounded. Scales comparatively large, rather largest pos- 
teriorly, silvery and well imbricated in the young, becoming imbed- 
ded in adult males. Cidoration in the adult brownish above, the sides 
more or less silvery, with numerous black spots on sides of head, 
on body, and on lins, and red patches along the sides in the males; 
young specimens (parrs) with about 11 dusky cross-bars, besides black 
spots and red patches, the color, as well as the form of the head 
and body, varying much with age, food, and condition ; the black spots 
in the adult often X-shaped or XX-shaped. Head 4; depth 4. 11. 11; 
D. 11; A. 9; scales 23-120-21; vertebne GO; pyloric cceca about G5. 
AVeight 15-40 pounds. Xorth Atlantic, ascending all suitable rivers 
in Northern Europe and the region north of Cape Cod; sometimes per- 
manently land-locked in lakes, where its habits and coloration (but no 
tangible specific characters) change somewhat, when it becomes (in 
America) var. sebago. One of the best known and most valued of 
food-lishes. 
(Linnieus, Syst. Nat. ; Giintlier, vi, 11, and of nearly all authors : Salmo glorcri Girard, 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1654, 85 : Salmo sehago Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 
1853, 380; Snckley, Monogr. Salmo, 143: Salmo sebago and gloveri Giinther, vi, 153.) 
** River salmon, not anadromous, vitli the vomerine teeth largely developed, those 
on the shaft of the bone nnmerons, persistent, in one zigzag row or 
two alternating rows; sexnal diiierences not strongly marked, the 
males with the i)remaxillaries somewhat enlarged; llcsh often pale. 
{Fario Valeueiennes *). 
a. Hyoid bone entirely toothless (tongue with teeth as usual). 
b. Seales large, in 120-150 series, 
c. Caudal (in forked. 
505. S. iridous Gibbous. — California Broolc Trout; Bainbow Trout. 
Body compnrativcly short and deep, compressed, varying consider- 
ably, and much more elongate in the males than in the females. Head 
short, convex, obtusely ridged above. Aloutli smaller than in any 
other species of the genus, the rather broad maxillary scarcely reach- 
ing beyond the eye except in old males. Eye larger than in onr other 
species, 5 in head. A'omerine teeth in two irregular series. Dorsal tin 
* V.alenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. xxi, 227: type Fario argenteus Yal. {Fario, .a 
Latin name of the “Salmon Trout”; included species witli a single row of perma- 
nent teeth on the vomer; Salar, Val. 1. c. 314, included those with two rows, a dis- 
tinction of no imi)ortauco.) 
