46. SALMONID^ SALMO. 
313 
moderate; caudal fin distinctly tliongli not strongly forked, more deeply’ 
incised than in any other of our species of Fario. Scales compraatively 
large. Coloration bluish above, the sides silvery; everywhere above 
2 )rofusel 3 ^ but irregularly spotted, the spots extending on the sides and 
on the vertical fins ; spots on caudal small ; belly nearly plain; sea-run 
specimens nearly plain silvery; males with red lateral band and blotches. 
Head 4; depth 3|-. D. 11 ; A. 10; scales 21-loo-20, varying considerably*, 
the highest number noted being on the ty’peof Fario neicherriP\ 33-14G- 
33. L. 24 inches. Weight J to G pounds. Streams west of the Sierra 
Nevada, from near the Mexican line (Eio San Luis Eey) to Oregon; very 
abundant, and subject to many variations in size, form, and color. 
(Gibbons, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1855, 33; Giintber, vi, 119; Suckley, Monogr. 
Sabuo, 129; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. i, 75: Fario gairdneri Girard, U. S. Pac. 
R. R. Surv. Fisli, x, 313 (not Salmo gairdncri Rich.): Fario neivhcrrii Girard, Proc. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, 224 : Fario clarkii, Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
219 (not S. cJarJcii Rich.): Salmo rnasoni Suckley, Monogr. Salmo, 134.) 
cc. Caudal fin truncate (in the adult). 
506. S. g'airdMei’i Rich. — Steel-head; Hard-head ; Salmon Trout. 
Body rather stout, not very deep mesially, but with the caudal pe- 
duncle thick. Head comparatively short and rather slender, in the 
females small, in the males the jaws more or less prolonged ; maxillary 
rather narrow, the small eye nearly above its middle; lower jaw in- 
cluded; upper jaw in males emargiuate at tip and at junction of imemax- 
illary. Teeth rather small, those on the vom‘er in two long, alternating 
series, which are about as long as the palatine series. PreopSrcle 
rather wide, with the lower limb short; opercle moderate. Gill-rakers 
short and thick, 8+12 (essentially as in our other species of Fario). 
Ventral appendage not half the length of the fin. Tail wide, squarely 
truncate in the adult, somewhat emargiuate in the young. Flesh rathei 
pale. Bones much firmer than in the Oncorhynchi. Color blue above; 
sides silvery; head, back, upper fins, and tail more or less densely cov- 
ered with black spots; belly usually unspotted ; males with colors height- 
ened, the back greenish; a broad flesh-colored lateral baud, deep red 
on the opercles; fins not red; no red on the membrane of lower jaw; 
B. 12-11; D. 11; A. 12; scales 20-135-20; pyloric coeca 42; vertebrm 
38 + 20. L. 30 inches. Sacramento Eiver and northward. A large 
trout, abounding in the mouths of the rivers, reaching a weight of 20 
pounds. It spawns later than the salmon, and is found in the riv*ers, 
spent, at the time of the spring salmon run. It is then nearly useless 
as food, but at other times similar in quality to other trout. 
(? Salmo ingkiss Walbaiiru, Artedi, Pise. 1792, 59, aiijiareutly confused with S. purpur- 
atus: ? Salmo muikiei Block & Sekueider, 419: Salmo ^mrpuratus Guutker, vi, 116: Salmo 
