46. SALMONID^ ONCORHYNCHUS. 
305 
tectli on these bones also greatly enlarged. The body becomes deep 
and compressed ; a fleshy hnmp is developed before the dorsal fin, and 
the scales of the back become imbedded in the flesh. The flesh, which 
is red and rich in spring, becomes dry and poor. Salmon, mostly of 
large size, ascending the rivers tributary to the l^orth Pacific in IS'orth 
America and Asia, spawning in the fall. Only five species are certainly 
known, {oyxo^, hook; poy/o':, snout.) 
The species may be divided as follows : 
* Gill-rakers comparatively short ami few (20 to 25 in numljer). 
a. Scales very small, more than 200 in a longitmlinal series gorhuscJia. 
aa. Scales medimn, about 145 (138-155) in a longitudinal series; j)yloric cceca about 
150. 
b. Anal rays 13 or 14 ; black spots small or obsolete. ; B. 13-14 Iceta. 
hb. Anal rays about 16; back and upper fins with black spots; B. 15-19.. cliouicha. 
aaa. Scales comparatively large, about 130 (125-135) in a longitudinal series ; pylorie 
cceca 50-80 Msidch. 
** Gill-rakers comparatively long and numerous (30-40 in number) ; scales large; lat. 
1. about 130 nerka. 
* Gill-rakers comparatively short and few (20-25 in number). 
a. Scales very small, more than 200 in a longitudinal series. 
491). O. g’Ol’HsitscSsa (Walb.) Gill & Jordan. — Humpback Salmon ; Haddo; Holla; 
Gorbusclia; Dog Salmon (Alaska). 
Color blnish ; sides silvery ; back posteriorly, adipose fin, and tail 
with numerous black spots; fall males red, more or less blotched with 
brownish. Body rather slender, in the female plump and symmetrical, 
in the fall males very thin and compressed, with the fleshy dorsal 
humi) much develoited and the jaws much elongated, strongly hooked, 
and with extravagant canines in front. Yentral appendage half the 
length of the fin. B. 11-12. Gill-rakers 13 -f 15. A. (developed rays) 
15; D. 11; scales 215 (210-240), those of the lateral line larger, 170. 
Pyloric cceca very slender, about 180. Weight 3-G pounds. Pacific 
coast and rivers of i7ortli America and Asia from Oregon northward; 
not rare; occasionally taken in the Sacramento. Known at once by 
the very small size of the scales. 
{Salmo gorbusclia Walbanm, Artedi Pise. 1792, 69: Salmo protcus Pallas, Zoogr. Ross. 
Asiat. iii, 376 : Salmo gibber Bloch & Schneider, 409: Oncorliynclius proieus Giinther, vi, 
1.57 : Salmo proteus Suckley, Monogr. Salmo, 97 ; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i, 71, 
1878: Salmo scouleri Rich. Fauna Bor. -Amei*. iii, 158. Oncorhynchus scouZeri Giinther, 
vi, 158.) 
aa. Scales medium, about 145 (138-155) in a longitudinal series ; pyloric cceca about 150. 
b. Anal rays 13 or 14 ; black spots small or obsolete. 
590. O. keta. (Walbanm) Gill & Jordan. — Dog Salmon ; Hay-ko; Le Kai Salmon. 
Dusky above; sides paler, little lustrous; back and sides with no 
Bull. Kat. Ms. Ko. IG 20 
