412 LANGUAGE AND RACE. 



For a long time it was believed that the original home 

 of Aryan mother-tongue had been undoubtedly found in 

 Central Asia, in the region of the Hindu Kush mountains, 

 and the elevated tableland of Pamir ; but of late years an 

 almost universal change of scientific opinion has been brought 

 about, and some part of Northern Europe has seemed to 

 many to have far stronger claims. 



It is quite out of the question to-night to do more than 

 mention the result of anthropological inquiries as to who 

 were the original speakers of the mother-Aryan. In Europe, 

 excluding the more easterly parts, there is evidence of the 

 presence of four definite racial types (see Table III.)r — 

 (1) The Scandinavian or Teutonic, (2) the Iberian or Aqui- 

 tanian, (3) the Ligurian or true Keltic, and (4) the Kymric 

 or Belgic. French and German scholars hold different 

 opinions as to which of these represents the original stock 

 which used the Aryan mother-tongue. The question has 

 been debated with much acrimony. German writers, e.g. 

 Posche, Penka, Hehn, and Lindenschmidt, have contended 

 that the physical type of the primitive Aryans was that 

 of the north Germans, — a tall, fair, blue-eyed, dolichoceph- 

 alic race. On the other hand, Frenchmen, such as Chavee, 

 De Mortillet, and Ujfalvy, have maintained that the primi- 

 tive Aryans were brachycephalic, and were the direct 

 ancestors of the Gauls. The Germans claim the primitive 

 Aryans as typical Germans who Aryanized the French, 

 while the latter claim them as typical Frenchmen who 

 Aryanized the Germans. Both parties maintain that their 

 own ancestors were the pure noble race of Aryan conquerors, 

 and that their hereditary foes belong to a conquered and 

 enslaved race of aboriginal savages, who received the germs 

 of civilisation from their hereditary superiors. Almost 

 as much can be said for both views ; but, on the whole, the 



