HYPNOTISM. 375 



against him, he may recognise his presence ; or he may not 

 do so, not recognising the nature of the object with which 

 he comes into contact. Thus varying inversely with the 

 strength of this primary '" negative " halhicination is the 

 power of suppressing it by the testimony of the senses ; if 

 it be sufficiently strong, it leads to the development of cor- 

 related hallucinations of the other senses. 



The following hallucinations, though more or less analogous 

 to these hallucinations of the senses, are of a more obscure 

 nature : A subject may. for instance, be told he is very 

 tired or very thirsty ; he gives every sign of experiencing 

 these sensations. Thus, appetite, loss of appetite, dislike 

 to some particular article of food or drink, can be suggested. 

 Suggestions, too, succeed if they concern the emotions — 

 sadness, gladness, love, hate, scorn, may be so excited. For 

 instance, suppose an hallucination of a tiger were suggested, 

 the person not only says he sees it, but presents all the 

 signs of great fear ; the hallucination is not merely of the 

 external senses, it is an idea which takes possession of the 

 whole mind. 



It would appear, then, that by hypnotic suggestion we 

 can, if the " subject " be in a sufficiently deep stage, bring 

 about any mental phenomena of which he is capable. 



Memory. Without suggestion. — The amnesia of a " sub- 

 ject " on awakening from the somnambulistic state has 

 already been treated of in describing the stages of hypnosis. 

 There are, however, some additional points which have not 

 yet been touched upon : it is found that during somnam- 

 bulism the subject remembers the events of previous 

 somnambulistic states and of his normal life. It is to 

 the former of these that we must attribute the increased 

 suggestability of the subject in each succeeding hypnosis. 

 These phenomena, which have 'given rise to the expression 



