HYPNOTISM. 377 



mations in character which can be effected by suggestion 

 in very sensitive subjects. Thus a servant-girl was told, in 

 the hypnotic state, that she was her mistress : she acted in 

 accordance with this, imitating the voice, attitude, gestures 

 of her mistress, and complaining of the faults of her servant 

 (herself). Another woman, aged thirty, was told she was 

 eight years old: she behaved like a little child, played with 

 her doll, asked for mamma in a childish voice, etc. 



It is clear that for this to happen two things are neces- 

 sary : the " subject" must forget who he is; and, secondly, 

 believing himself to be the person suggested, act in accor- 

 dance with this. His representation will vary with the 

 accuracy of his observations and with the vividness of his 

 recollections. 



Similarly a "subject" can be made to imagine he is an 

 animal, e.g. dog or wolf. Such transformations remind us, 

 and afford a partial explanation, of those remarkable epi- 

 demics of zoo-anthropomorphism of the Middle Ages. 



Post-hypnotic suggestions. — Hitherto I have only described 

 the characteristics of, and the result of suggestions during, 

 the hypnotic state. Such suggestions were accepted imme- 

 diately during that hypnosis. The}^ may however be given, 

 together with the additional suggestion that they are to be 

 realised not then but later on, at some time subsequent to 

 the hypnosis. These are termed post-hypnotic suggestions. 



From the characteristics, above described, of the pre- 

 somnambulistic and somnambulistic stages, it will be evident 

 that a suggestion given in the first state will be consciously 

 remembered ; in the second, not. 



I will first take post-hypnotic suggestions of movements 

 given in the latter state. These may be " continued," to be 

 done immediately hypnosis ends, e.g. " When you wake you 

 will begin counting, and count up to ten " ; or they may be 



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