1864.] GEOLOGY AND BOTANY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 95 



joints running due north and south. The course of the stream is 

 parallel to these, and has probably been determined by one or more 

 existing in its bed. The spot is one of the most singular 1 have 

 seen in the ['rovince. 



Between the Pabineau and Bathurst our journey was made by 

 land ; the navigation of the river, which is one series of rapids, 

 called the" Ilou2;h Waters," beins: too dano;erous for canoes. From 

 good authority, however, I have learned that the granite beds at 

 the Falls are succeeded by slates and schists (to some extent cop- 

 per-bearing) ; and these again underlie, near the mouth of the river, 

 the red sandstones and conglomerates which form the north-east- 

 ern boundary of the New 1 Srunswick coal-measures. The latter 

 are seen near the Nepisiquit bridge, on both sides of the river ; but 

 it is not probable that they extend far below the city of Bathurst. 

 On the left bank, near the bridge, is a curious spot, where coal 

 (lignite ?) and copper ore are intimately associated, and interstrati- 

 fied with sandstones, clay, and conglomerates. It was in conse- 

 quence of the discovery of copper at this point, under these singu- 

 lar circumstances, that examinations were made for that metal 

 farther inland, which examinations led to the discovery of the 

 present mining-districts on the Tatagouche River. These latter 

 are situated in bluish and dark brown slates, having a strike E. 

 lO'^ S. and a southerly dip of 50^. They are probably continuous 

 with the beds south of Pabineau, and extend for a distance of ten 

 or twelve miles along the coast, above Bathurst, being exposed on 

 the Mgadoo and other minor streams of that region. They seem 

 to be highly metalliferous. 



I have now given with considerable detail the results of a fort- 

 night's ramble on these hitherto little-known rivers. Their exami- 

 nation was necessarily a hurried and imperfect one, the distance 

 travelled over being not less than two hundred miles ; and the re- 

 sults are only presented now, that a more just and accurate view 

 may be entertained of this interesting region. 



1 o those who are familiar with the geology of New Brunswick, 

 it will have already become apparent that much of what has now 

 been stated differs widely from the formerly entertained notions as 

 to the structure of this portion of the Province. That these dif- 

 ferences may be the more readily appreciated, I have appended to 

 this article a carefully colored map of the district, showing as far 

 as possible the order of succession of the rocks here exposed. The 



