94 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [^P^il, 



slates, still dipping westward. At a place called '' The Great 

 Chain " they have a dip of about 60° to the west, and cross the 

 stream with a strike about north and south, forming a series of 

 falls and rapids. With these sandstones are associated chloritic 

 and talcose slates, conformable with them. At this point, besides 

 the two plants above namtd, I noticed. Allium tScJianopras'um ? 

 SUyr'uichlnm anccps, Dler villa tr fida^ Aralia nudicaulis, Strep- 

 topus distort us, LhinaeaboreaUs Clintonia borealis, Iris verisco- 

 lor, Cornus Canadensis, Platanthera dilatata, Archangelica, 

 AcJiillaea, Lactuca elongata, Thalictrum dioicum, Apocynum 

 androsoimifolium, OenoJiera chrjsantha, Stellaria, and Aspidium 

 ipinulosum. 



A few miles below the Grreat Chain, more laminated sandstones 

 ^cross the stream, with a strike N. 40^ W., with a nearly perpendi- 

 cular dip, highly silicious, and filled with crystals of sulphuret of 

 iron. They soon change their course, taking a strike N. 20° E., 

 and are much folded and contorted. With these are associated 

 ferruginous slates, and the whole have a reddish appearance from 

 the oxidation of their contained iron. The stream is narrow, and 

 passes rapidly between the rocky banks. 



Still descending, beds of impure iron-stone and ochre, with mica- 

 ceous iron, appear on either shore, being of a soft and crumbling 

 character. Several of the cliffs exposed upon the shore are of a 

 brio-ht red color. They may be seen on the left bank to 

 overlie nearly horizontal beds of ferruginous sandstone, with small 

 conglomerate and pebble beds, these latter in turn resting upon 

 granite. The rocks appear to be much rounded and water-worn, 

 even at an elevation of ten or fifteen feet above the present level of 

 the river. The reddish beds seem to lie in a great basin formed 

 by the underlying granite, or rather tho latter forms a series of 

 anticlinal axes, tho si it^ and sandstone beds reposing on their 



flanks. 



The granite beds are divided into huge blocks by parallel ver- 

 tical joints, and thus pressnt upon their river face the appearance 

 of a wall. Their surfaces are perfectly flat ; and those which form 

 the river bed, being polished by the wear of the current, look like 

 a massive pavement. It is in passing over these pinkish granites, 

 that the river is wearing out the curious channels of the Pabineau 



Falls. 



The o;ranites at the falls are distinctly jointed, the line of the 



