^2 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [^P^il, 



little south of east. These boulders are of the same material as 

 that of the mountains I have described above, and increase in 

 numbers and magnitude as one descends the stream. A few miles 

 below the Forks (where the soil is alluvial, and supports extensive 

 groves of elms) these boulders attain an enormous size, and cause 

 numberless falls and rapids in the current. Many of them are in- 

 jected with veins of milky quartz, and at times appear to be joint- 

 ed. They continue to increase in quantity until one reaches a 

 spot called the Indian Falls, where rocks in situ, together with 

 huge granitic boulders, block up the stream and produce a fall of 

 four or jfive feet. This is succeeded about half a mile below by 

 another of similar elevation, the space between the two being filled 

 with dangerous rapids. The rocks appear laminated and contorted, 

 and are filled with veins of injected quartz, and pass the stream 

 in a line running about 10° west of North. A portage was here 

 necessary, during which I observed the following plants : Wild- 

 roses, currants, and huckleberries, raspberries, white and red clover, 

 Epilobiuni spicatum, Potentilla arguta, Sagittaria sagittifolia, 

 Kalmia angustifolia, Chri/santhemum leucanthemum. Allium 

 Schoenoj)rasum, Spiraea salicifolia,Pyrola elliptica, Platanthera, 

 orbiculata ? and Smilacina stellata. A short distance below the 

 Forks I noticed also, Archangelica, Diervilla trifida (not seen on 

 the Tobique), and Caltha palustris. 



x\bout twenty miles above the Grand Falls of the Nepisiquit we 

 passed the first formations of distinctly stratified rocks, consisting 

 of slates and ferruginous slaty sandstones, much broken and con- 

 torted. They seemed to run nearly east and west, and dip north- 

 ward (?) at a sharp angle. Some of the beds of slate appear to be 

 of excellent quality. 



These rocks are visible for a considerable distance, and have a 

 strong'y ferruginous color. At one point a high cliff, composed 

 of them, projects into the stream, and was so intensely red, as to 

 induce me to stop for the purpose of examination. I at first sup- 

 230sed it to be a bed of haematite, but it proved to be merely a mag- 

 nesian slate, with only an external resemblance to the above named 

 one. Much of it is soft and crumbling, and might, perhaps, be 

 employed as a mineral paint. Some of it is probably manganesian 

 also, and re>embles the slates at the Tatagouche mines, in the 

 vicinity of Bathurst. The latter are probably but continuations 

 -of the same series. 



