1864.] GEOLOGY AND BOTANY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 87 



lieve, visit the mountain himself, I am unaware of his authority 

 for the assertion. I should suppose the summit to be about one- 

 fourth of a mile above the surface of the lake, but had no means 

 of measurement. 



The ascent of the mountain is a remarkably steep one, being as 

 much as 45^ by actual clinometer measurement. It rises imme- 

 diately from the side of the lake (not at a distance of several miles^ 

 as represented in all the maps of the province), and shows upon 

 its flanks three distinct zones of vegetation. The first of these 

 zones consists of a dense growth of pines, firs, and cedars, and ex- 

 tends about a third of the distance up the mountain side. The second 

 is principally composed of white and yellow birch, with a few cedars 

 and alders, and reaches to a very considerable elevation. The 

 third zone is confined to the summit, and a small portion of the 

 sides, being covered wi h a low dwarf growth of shrubs, with a few 

 stunted birches and spruces. At many points near the summit 

 there is no vegetation at all, the rocks being laid bare in extensive 

 slides, and the fragments being piled upon each other in the wild- 

 est confusion. At several points, generally immediately above these 

 slides, perpendicular masses or needles project from the general 

 slope of the mountain, c*nd can only be reached with difficulty. 

 The mountain, so far as I had an opportunity of examining it, is 

 composed of a compact red feldspar rock or felsite, and is very 

 homo2:eneous in character. The entire slope of the mountain is 

 strewed with large broken blocks of the same material, which, be- 

 ing overgrown with moss, and often covering deep holes, make 

 the ascent a somewhat dangerous as well as difficult one. 

 Bi)ulders of similar material were also noticed far down the valley 

 of the Tobi jue. I have already alluded to the three zones of ve- 

 getation on the mountain, which are equally noticeable during an 

 ascent, or when viewed at a distance from the lake below. The 

 herbs and shrubs noticed were about the same as those observed on 

 the Little Tobique. The Labrador Tea {Ledum latifoUum) was 

 very common, increasing in (juantity as we approached the sum- 

 mit, while Cassandra caliculata was also found growing abundantly. 

 I noticed also Trillium erectiim, Oxalis acetosella, Trientalis Am- 

 ericana^ Aralianudicaulis, Comas Canadensis Clintonia borealiSj 

 Streptopus amplexifoliiis, Scigiftaria sajitti/olia, Smilacina hi- 

 folia^ quantities of Vaccinium ulig nosum, and Gaultheria Mspi- 

 dula. Lichens were also abundant, especially Cornicularia and 

 Cenomyce rangiferina . 



