.1864.] GEOLOGY AND BOTANY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 83 



um parvifloruvi, Iris versicolor, Anemone Pennsylv cnica , Cor- 

 nus Canadensis (in flower very abundant), 6'. stoJonif ra, 

 Strcptopus amplexifolius, CUntonia horealis, Viburnum opulus, 

 Sinictda marilandica, Veronica Ajiagallis, Ranunculus acris, 

 Thalictrum dioicuin, and Primula Americana. 



The wild onion (Allium Schoenopra sum,?) was also common 

 upon the shore, with butter-cups, dandelions, violets, wild roses, and 

 strawberries. Grasses and ferns were also abundant on strips of 

 intervale, but I did not have leisure to determine them. The lat- 

 ter were especially luxuriant, frequently attaining a height of four 

 and five feet. Among them I recognized Pteris aquilina, Ono- 

 clea sensibilis, Struthiopteris, and Osmundi regalis. The slates 

 and limestones, whioh occupy the lower portion of the stream, are 

 succeeded, about a mile and a half below the Red Rapids, by the 

 outer beds of the Tobique Red Sandstone District, which, gradu- 

 ally widening, attains a very consid erable development, and final- 

 ly disappears in the neighborhood of the Blue Mountains. The soil 

 rapidly assumes a deep, red tint, and strata of reddish sandstones 

 are exposed in cliflfs upon the shore. The red tint first becomes 

 apparent upon the right bank of the stream ; but at the Red Ra- 

 pids, the sandstones, associated with coarse, red conglomerates, 

 cross the bed of the river, with a strike about N. 70*^ E , and are 

 exposed upon either bank. It is at this spot that the formation 

 should properly begin in the coloring of our geological maps. 



The Red Sandstone District of the Tobique is one of great 

 interest and value. The rocks composing it are red and variegated 

 sandstones, limestones, and conglomerates, with salt springs and 

 beds of gypsum. The strata are nowhere much disturbed, and in 

 general are of very moderate elevation. In many places the red 

 sandstones are well exposed in the bed of the river, and being 

 nearly horizontal, form a smooth and polished bottom. The soil 

 of the district is excellent, and probably few portions of the Prov- 

 ince ofi"er so many inducements for settlement. 



Near the Wapske or Wapskabegan. one of the largest tributa- 

 ries of the Tobique. the red sandstone strata are well exposed in 

 nearly horizontal beds, dipping to the southeast at an angle of only 

 five degrees. At the mouth of the Wapskabegan they are again 

 exposed, and are interstratified with fine beds of white and pink and 

 reddish gypsum. These are probably but a continuation of those 

 referred to, and the line of strike between the two is N. 62® E., 



