1864.] BOWLES ON PIERIS RAP^ IN CANADA. 259 



a new country, — an instance which, when the evidence is con- 

 sidered, must be regarded as the most conclusive on record. 



The identity of the English and Canadian species is thus 

 proved by the exact similarity of the two insects in all their 

 stages. That the imagines are alike, in both sexes, I have on the 

 authority of the gentlemen above named ; for in Quebec I could 

 have no opportunity of comparing specimens taken in both coun- 

 tries. It is singular, too, that a curious variety of the male is 

 common to both : in Canada, however, (perhaps from the effect of 

 a different climate) it is more frequently met with than in Eng- 

 land. Two males of a bright canary color, but with the usual 

 markings of the species, were captured here last summer — one by 

 Mr. Couper, the other by me ; and this season I have already seen 

 several similar individuals. On referring to a valuable work in 

 the library of Parliament, (Curtis's Farm Insects,) I was gratified 

 to find that the author mentions having in his collection a male 

 P. rapce, " taken near Oldham, in Lancashire, which has all 

 the wings of a bright yellow color." As to the pupa, in size, 

 color and markings, it exactly agrees with engravings and descrip- 

 tions of the English chrysalis, and also in its usual place of depo- 

 sition, &c. The last link in the chain is furnished by the simi- 

 larity of the caterpillar, which also agrees with the best English 

 descriptions. I took several of these larvae from cabbage-plants 

 in hotbeds on the 8th of June, and have reared four of them to 

 maturity. When about half-grown, they began to exhibit the 

 characteristic markings of the species, — these markings becoming 

 more decided as they increased in size. 



That this insect is not native to Canada, is certain from two 

 interesting circumstances connected with its history. A limit can 

 be set to its existence in Canada ; and the place where it first 

 appeared can be specified. Until within a few years, the butterfly 

 was unknown in this country. No description of it is found in 

 Kirby's "Fauna Boreali Americana"; nor in the "Canadian 

 Naturalist," by Gosse, who visited (Quebec, and collected here 

 about 1839. The " Synopsis " of the Smithsonian Institution is 

 also wanting in this respect ; and I have carefully examined the 

 volumes of our magazine of natural history, (the " Canadian 

 Naturalist," Montreal) without finding any notice of the species. 

 This periodical contains two lists of lepidoptera collected in 

 Lower Canada; one by Mr. II. Bell, Jun., of butterflies taken on 

 the Lower St. Lawrence ; the other by Mr. D'Urban, of those 

 found in the vicinity of Montreal in 1857-8-9. The only Fieris 



