1861.] LECTURE BY DR. LIVINGSTONE. 385 



garrotters as the typical John Bull. For years I had been l(.)okiug 

 out for the typical negro, and never felt satisfied that I had got 

 him, for many of them are the pictures of the old Assyrians ; 

 others, barring color, which we soon forget, closely resemble 

 acquaintances at home. But Mr. Winwood Bead, in his work, 

 " Savage Africa," seems to have lighted right on the head of the 

 idea, in saying that no typical negro is seen in the portraits and 

 monuments of the ancient Egyptians. When we had succeeded 

 in gaining the goodwill of the people which crowded the 

 Shire valley, the mission under the late Bishop Mackenzie came 

 into the country. Dr. Kirk had performed a journey from the 

 Murchison Cataracts across to Zette, a Portuguese village upon the 

 Zambesi. Slave-hunters then were sent along Dr. Kirk's route 

 by the sanction of the present Government, calling themselves 

 "my children." The scamps ! They joined themselves to another 

 tribe called Ajawa, then in the act of migrating from the south- 

 east, and who had been accustomed to take slaves annually down 

 to Quillimane, and other settlements on the coast. Furnishing the 

 Ajawa with arms and ammunition, they found it easy to drive those 

 "who were armed only with bows and arrows before them. When Dr. 

 Kirk and Mr. Charles Livingstone, and I went up to show Bishop 

 Mackenzie on to the highlands, we met a party of these Portuguese 

 slaves coming with eighty-four captives bound and led towards Zette. 

 The head of the party we knew perfectly, having had him in our 

 employment in Zette. No force was employed, for even the slaves of 

 the Governor knew that they were doing wrong, and fled, leaving 

 the whole of the captives on our hands. Bishop Mackenzie received 

 them gladly, and in a fertile country, with land free, in the course 

 of a year or two, might, by training some sixty boys to habits 

 of industry, have rendered his mission independent as far as native 

 support was concerned. Having been engaged in the formation of two 

 missions in another part of the country, and having been familiar 

 with the history of several, I never knew a mission undertaken under 

 more favorable auspices. This would be the opinion of all who 

 have commenced similar enterprises in other parts, and it was 

 that of the good bishop himself. He was so thoroughly unselfish, 

 and of such a genial disposition, that he soon gained the confi- 

 dence of people ; and this is the first great step to success. The 

 best way of treating these degraded people must always be very 

 much that which is pursued in ragged schools. Their bodily 

 wants must be attended to as the basis of all efforts at their ele- 



