1864.] DRUMMOND ON CANADIAN BOTANY. 407 



III. Superior Type. — Species only found about Lakes Huron 

 and Superior, and most of which have evidently migrated 

 from the country watered by the Saskatchewan. 



IV. Maritime Type. — Species confined to the sea-shore. 



y. Alpine Type. — Species chiefly known, at present, to 

 occur about our north-eastern borders. 



I. Canadian Type. 



The flora of Canada (as do the floras of all other countries) 

 includes a very large number of species which are widely spread 

 over the whole province. They are found thriving upon the 

 shores of Lakes Superior, Huron, and Erie, and range thence 

 to the mouth of the St. Lawrence, and many even beyond into 

 Newfoundland. A considerable number appear to have their 

 centre of range within the province or near its north-western 

 border. They are distributed over the more northern portions of 

 the United States, and, overspreading Canada, find their limit in 

 the Hudson's Bay Territory ; but the maxima of the individuals of 

 each species appear rather to be in Canada than in the wide dis- 

 tricts on either side. Other Canadian species, again, extend not 

 only throughout the northern United States, but even as far south 

 as the Gulf of Mexico. Very many, too, are common to Europe and 

 America, whilst a number are widely diff"Lised over the temperate 

 regions of both hemispheres. And did I include the lower 

 cryptogamic plants, numerous instances might be noted of species 

 which are almost, if not quite, cosmopolites. 



As yet the north-eastern and north-western limits of some of our 

 most common plants have not been ascertained as definitely as 

 could be desired. Some species met with in almost every other 

 part of the province do not appear — ^judging by lists to which I 

 have had access — to range down the St. Lawrence banks beyond 

 Quebec ; and quite a number, as Tdla Americana, Hepatica acu- 

 tilohla, and Hepatica triloba, abundant in Central and Western 

 Canada, are entirely wanting in the Lake Superior lists and in 

 the lists from the maritime counties. More northern limits than 

 hitherto observed may yet be ascertained for many of them. Dis- 

 tributed, however, as they are, over the greater portion of the 

 province, they may be classed under the general Canadian flora. 



It is not difl&cult to trace somewhat approximately the northern 

 limit of distribution of some of the more conspicuous plants. 

 Surveyors and others readily recognize our forest trees, and with 



