No. 2371. CATALOGUE OF BUDDHIST ART—CASANOWICZ 321 



from which his name is derived. In China he is worshiped under 

 the name of Pu-tai as an incarnation of Mai trey a, the Buddha of the 

 future. He is a sort of a Japanese Santa Claus, the god of mirth and 

 laughter. 



6. Jurojin ("old venerable man") is of Chinese origin. He 

 symbolizes longevity. His attributes are a stag or crane, both 

 (together with the peach and tortoise) being emblems of longevity. 



7. Fukurokuju ("bliss, wealth, longevity"). His most prominent 

 physical mark is his tall head, being at least twice as long as his face, 

 as if an ordinary-sized cranium was not large enough to hold all his 

 virtues, knowledge, and happiness. He is the companion of Jurojin, 

 and their names and attributes are often interchanged. 



Height of the Daikoku figure, 13 inches. Japan. (Plate 66, 

 Cat. No. 130458, U.S.N.M.) 



168. Daikoku. — -Lead, silvered. Height, 3 inches. Kobe, Japan. 

 (Cat. No. 154827, U.S.N.M.) 



169. Ebisu. — Lead, silvered. Height, 3 inches. Kobe, Japan. 

 (Cat. No. 154826, U.S.N.M.) 



170. Jurojin. — Sitting beside a stag. Bronze, black lacquered. 

 Height, 2\ inches. Japan. (Cat. No. 311809, U.S.N.M.) Bequest 

 of Miss Elizabeth S. Stevens. 



171. Fiikurokuju. — Bronze. Height, 6| inches. China or Japan. 

 (Plate 67, Cat. No. 311811, U.S.N.M.) Bequest of Miss Elizabeth S. 

 Stevens. 



172. Fukurokoju. — Miniature mask, brass, gold plated. Height, 

 H inches. China or Japan. (Cat. No. 311863, U. S.N.M.) Bequest 

 of Miss Elizabeth S. Stevens. 



II. THE BUDDHIST SCRIPTURES (DHARMA). 



The sacred books supposed to embody the word of Buddha, are 

 considered by Buddhists as forming the second member of the 

 Triratna — the three precious ones — to whom the pious Buddhist 

 daily takes his refuge. The books themselves receive divine honors. 

 They are held materially sacred, are placed in high places and 

 worshipped. 



The two main divisions of Buddhism, the Hynayana and Mahayana, 

 or the southern and northern schools, respectively (compare the 

 introduction, p. 294), have different canons of scriptures. The 

 southern canon is written in the Pali language, and contains on the 

 whole the older and purer exposition of Buddha's doctrines, though 

 it already shows a considerable development. The scriptures of the 

 Mahayana, or northern school, which are written parts in Sanskrit 

 and in a mixed dialect of Sanskrit and Middle Indian or the Gatta 

 dialect, parts in Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Japanese, are in 



27177— 21— Proc.N.M.vol.59 21 



