No. 2371. CATALOGUE OF BUDDHIST ART— -CASANOWIVZ 331 



also called father, sun, Buddha, and lower parent bead (chi-no oya- 

 dama), mother, moon, Bo, divine spirit, which inspired and perfected 

 the enlightenment of Buddha. The ends of the string before being 

 knotted are drawn through the 2 parent beads which have for this 

 purpose a third opening. From the upper parent bead extend 2 

 pendant strings on which are strung 21 beads, smaller than those on 

 the main string, in the following manner: Immediately above the 

 large parent bead, on the left-side pendant string, is a solitary bead. 

 Beyond this the strings are knotted. Then come 5 beads on each 

 string, when they are again knotted. Still again there are another 

 5 beads on each pendant, which then terminates in an elongated 

 bead, called dewdrop (tsuyu-dama) . The use of the solitary bead is 

 that in holding the rosary, with the upper parent bead uppermost, it 

 should be in the left hand; this will insure a right signification to each 

 bead during prayer. The collective name of these pendant beads is 

 Tcami-deshi, superior disciples. Extending from the lower parent bead 

 are 3 strings, on 2 of which are 5 small beads, called sMma-desToi, or 

 inferior disciples, each terminating in a dewdrop bead, while the 

 third has 10 small beads without a dewdrop. They are used as 

 counters and are called Jcadzu-tori. The 4 dewdrop beads are also 

 termed slii-ten-no, the four regents who are supposed to preside over 

 the four quarters of the universe. The rosary thus represents sym- 

 bolically the Buddhist pantheon. On the main string, at an interval 

 of 7 beads on either side from the upper parent bead, are 2 beads, 

 smaller than the others, and again, at an interval of 14 beads from 

 these, on either side, are other 2 of the same kind. They indicate 

 where a special invocation is to be uttered while the rosary is lifted 

 to the forehead with a reverence. 



A smaller rosary of 16 beads, corresponding to the Japanese roltans, 

 or chief disciples of Buddha (analogous to the 18 lolians of the Chi- 

 nese), is chiefly used by lay peoples on ceremonial and social occa- 

 sions. Japan. (Plate 73, Cat. No. 130683, U.S.N.M.) 



231-2. Two Japanese rosaries. — Consisting each of 112 globular 

 beads made of plum-tree wood. The same as the preceding No. 230. 

 Japan. (Cat. No. 130683, U.S.N.M.) 



233. Prayer beads (mak-nap). — Made of small black seeds, strung 

 on a cord. The invocations repeated by the Laos b} T means of the 

 beads are: Sabbe sangkara anicca, 300 times; sabbe sangkara dukkha, 

 repeated 400 times; sabbe sangkara anatta, repeated 500 times. 

 Laos, Further India. (Cat. No. 217666, U.S.N.M.) 



234. Buddhist monks' begging bowl. — Spherical, of thin iron, with 

 wooden base. Inclosed in an open work bag formed of bands of 

 cotton, the ends of which serve as handles. To this cloth is secured 

 a lacquered base. From the bottom hang models of the perquisites 

 of a monk, namely, ( 1) the water strainer, used to exclude the small 



