200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.59. 



Schaupp on roots of post oak, with the label "Issued Febr. '97," 

 but there are no flies with the galls. 



The same species occurs on runner sprouts of Q. margaretta. A 

 large number of the galls containing pupae were collected at Ocala, 

 Florida, October 30, 1919, and adults began to issue in the breeding 

 cage in early December. Galls at Green Cove Springs, Florida, 

 contained adults on November 23. Flies from galls on margaretta 

 are a little smaller (average of 24 was 4.1 mm.) than those from 

 stellata (average of 65 was 5.1 mm.). 



Genus BRYOCOSMUS Giraud. 



6. DRYOCOSMUS FAVUS Beutenmueller. 



Plate 29, figs. 5, 6, 7. 



Dryocosmus favus Beutenmueller, Ent. News, vol. 22, 1911, p. 197. — Felt, 

 N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 175, 1915, p. 48; Key to Amer. Ins. Galls, N. Y. State 

 Mus., Bull. 200, 1918, p. CO. 



This species was originally described from Louisiana and Penn- 

 sylvania from galls on Quercus rubra Linnaeus and Q. coccinea Muen- 

 chhausen. The writer has collected galls on Q. rubra in Illinois at 

 River Grove, Willow Springs, Evanston, Winnetka, Ravinia, and 

 Fort Sheridan; and at Ironton, Missouri; Hot Springs, Arkansas; 

 and Plummer Island, Maryland. He has also taken the galls on 

 six other host oaks not previously recorded, as follows: 



Q. catesbaei Muenchhausen at Jacksonville, Palatka, Madison, 

 Marianna, Ocala, Clearwater, Florida, and Troy, Alabama. 



Q. marilandica Muenchhausen at Marianna, Florida. 



Q. nigra Linnaeus at Gainesville, Florida. 



Q. brevifolia Sargent at Marianna and St. Petersburg, Florida. 



Q. myrtifolia Willdenow at Daytona, Florida. 



Q. texana Buckley at Boerne and Kerrville, Texas. 



The appearance of the fresh galls has never been described. As 

 many as 400 often occur in a cluster, which may measure 6 cm. in 

 diameter (fig. 6) and is found just at or below the surface of the ground 

 and is usually hidden by debris. The cluster sometimes entirely 

 surrounds the host stem when the latter is not more then 1 cm. in 

 diameter. In the fall about one-half of the clusters found are galls 

 that are just starting in early October or nearly full-grown later in 

 the month and containing larvae and they still contain them as late 

 as November 14 and through the winter. These fresh galls are white 

 and fleshy, smooth on the surface, blunt-pointed at the tip (fig. 5). 

 The other half are white and juicy or just beginning to turn brown. 

 These contain adults as early as September 15 about Chicago, and 

 they were still inside the galls on November 14. These galls were 

 put out of doors in breeding cage and three flies issued by December 

 1, and on December 28 twenty-seven were found, the thermometer 



