508 Schevill — Studies in Cervantes. 



tainment at various kinds of festivals. From tlie earlier days of 

 the Renaissance in Italy, story and romance "vvkich followed in the 

 footsteps of the classics had contented themselves as regards these 

 games with a mere mention of a celebration of sports, or had actually 

 incorporated the events of the fifth book quite fully.^ The best 

 example of the latter is Sannazaro's Arcadia. But the episode in 

 which Ergasto celebrates his mother's funeral,- though closely pat- 



the same contest cf. Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, II; Statius, Thebaid, 

 VI, describes ftuK-ral games including a chariot race, a foot race, throwing 

 the discus, a combat Avith the cestus, wrestling and sliooting; Valerius 

 Flaceus, Art/onautica, IV, 252 flf. has a boxing matcli; (^uintus of Smyrna, 

 roslhomcrica, bk. IV, follows Homer in introducing funeral games, contain- 

 ing a foot race, boxing, hurling a mass of iron, leaping and throwing the 

 spear, a chariot race and a race on horseback; Apollonius of Tyre wins 

 popular favor by his skill in the game of ball, cf. Historia Apollonii Regis 

 Tyri, edit. Ring, Posonii, et Lipsiae, 1887, par. 13 If.; Rohde, op. cit., p. 437; 

 also Timoneda, Patranuelo, XI for same story, p. 145 of "Novelistas 

 anteriores a Cervantes" ( Rivadeneyra ) . 



Nothing more unlike tlie usual Spanish festivities than these games 

 could be found in Peninsular literature^ though pictures of entertainments 

 are frequent enough. Tlie Spaniard has always been fond of pageantry, 

 of picturesque processions, of animated fiestas, while his games or amuse- 

 ments were correspondingly stirring, from the bull-fight down through 

 skill in correr canas, correr sortijas, justas, torneos and even correr gansos 

 (Lope de Vega, MS. of la dama hoha, act I). Cf. Alcocer, Tratado del 

 juego (Salamanca, 1559) ; Don Quixote, II, 17 and notes 28 and 30 of 

 Clemencln's edition; II, 49 with a mention of correr toros, jugar canas, y 

 representar comedias; Bowie, in Comments on Don Quixote II, p. 120, 

 compares the correr toros, etc. of this passage with Virgil, Aeneid, V, 580, 

 but without suflicient reason: "olli diseurrere pares, etc." Clemencin has 

 an interesting note on the fondness shoAvn in la Mancha for wrestling, Don 

 Quixote, II, 60, note 10; cf. also II, 62 correr sortija; Alarcon, las Paredes 

 oyen, II, scene 1, mention of a kind of pelota; common amusements were 

 the fiestas by the bank of the river, cf. Guzman de Alfarache, II, 3, 5: 

 "lleviibanos a todos a holguras, d cenar al rio, a comer en quintas y jardines, 

 las tardes a comedias, etc." Quevedo, Vida del Buscdn, II, chapters 6 and 7; 

 Alarcun, la Vcrdad sospechosa, I, scene 7; J. R. Chorley, "Notes on the 

 national drama of Spain, "Fraser's Magazine, Vol. 60, p. 70; typical 

 ejercicios cahallerescos are mentioned in the Caballero Cifar, "el tiro de 

 la lanza, la cetrerfa, los juegos de tablas y ajedrez"; cf. Men6ndez y Pelayo, 

 Origenes, etc., op. cit., p. cxc; for jousts cf. Question de amor (1513), also 

 for picturesque costumes and a hunting scene. 



1 Cf. Appendix IV, p. 523. 



^ Prose sections X-XI; cf. Scherillo, op. cit., Torraca, op. cit., and 

 Men6ndez Pelayo, Origenes, etc., pp. cdxxiv ff. 



