Appendices. 510 



founding of Cartagena was ascribed to lier. Cartilage and Carta- 

 gena were tliiis fused in the later liostility to Rome, and the Penin- 

 sula was naturally leagued with the Carthaginians. In the Cronica 

 Dido's story is first given without any reference to Aeneas; then 

 follows the version from the Aeneid closing, just before Dido's 

 death, Avith a long letter to Aeneas in which she reproaches him 

 for his flight. The letter may be from some old poem based on 

 Ovid's Heroides. How great the influence of the Cronica was in 

 making the Dido story known is difficult to say. After Boccaccio's 

 De Claris niulieribus, frequently translated into various European 

 languages (the first Spanish version is Johan bocacio de las mujeres 

 iUiistres, en romance, Qaragoca, 1494; cf. Gallardo, Ensayo de una 

 Bihlioteca, etc., Madrid, 1866, Vol. II, col. 97), the lack of connec- 

 tion between her history and that of Aeneas was frequently upheld. 

 In the Lihro de las virtuosas e claras mujeres, el qual fizo e compuso 

 el condestable Don Alvaro de Luna (first third of the 15th century; 

 cf. Vol. XXVIII of the "Sociedad de Bibliofilos espanoles," Madrid, 

 1891), the author again holds Dido up merely as an example of loy- 

 alty and chastity, there being no mention of Aeneas (chapter 35, pp. 

 229-30) ; cf. also Juan Rodriguez de la Camara (6 del Padron) 

 ''Sociedad de Bibliofilos esj^anoles" Vol. XXII : Triunfo de las 

 donas, pp. 117, 359. For another defense of Dido see Curial y 

 Guelfa, novela catalana del quinzen segle, publicada a despeses y per 

 encarrech de la Real Academia de buenas letras per Antoni Rubio y 

 Lluch (Barcelona, 1901), bk. 3, section 38, p. 394. Jacopo Caviceo, 

 in his Lihro del Peregrino, etc. (Parma, 1508), uses Dido inconsist- 

 ently, as his story demanded; she is either a chaste matron: "piu 

 eommendata e Didone che Lucretia ; I'una per seruar pudicitia con 

 fuoco la uita fini, etc." (edition Vinegia, 1538) p. 522, and "I'ammir- 

 anda costantia de Dido," p. 191; or she yields to love: "Enea a 

 guisa di trasfuga , . . adimando il refugio del porto . . . 

 tfe ella humanissima del porto & del corpo gratia gli fece, etc.," p. 71. 

 These and other citations from the story may imply a rather general 

 acquaintance among readers with the versions of Dido's life. 



In the 16tli century the epic poet Ercilla thought it worth while 

 to reestablish Dido's reputation injured by Virgil, infamandola 

 inJKsta y falsamente (Araucana, Madrid, 1589, 3d part, canto xxxii, 

 Vol. II, p. 394). So he digressed from his subject to the extent of 

 ninety-eight stanzas, canto xxxii, stanza 45 to canto xxxiii, stanza 

 55. In the voluminous annotations to his translation of Ovid, 



