Appendices. 547 



a common Latin proverb with variations; ef. Terence, Phor. I, 

 4, 26; Cicero, Tusc. disp. 2, 4, 11; Tibullns, I, 2, 16; Ovid, 

 Met. X, 586, etc. ; cf . p. 500, n. 3. 



10. The handsome appeai'ance of the chief personages has already 

 been noted, p. 506, n. 2 ; they are of lofty descent also. Aeneas 

 is "de linaje de inmortales," Vol. I, p. 37; Dido is a queen, 

 Creusa and Lavinia are princesses. Periandro and Auristela are 

 of royal blood; "de nobilisimos padres nacido," the former says, 

 while most of the other characters of the Persiles are of an aristo- 

 cratic lineage. This is the case with most of the romances of 

 this character. 



11. The early editions of Mena's Theagenes y Chariclea have a 

 marginal reference to the Aeneid apropos of Chariklea (cf. Vol. I, p. 

 214, edition 1787) suggesting a comparison between the Greek 

 maiden and Camilla, Virgil's martial maid. It is possible that 

 Cervantes's warlike female character, Sulpicia, owes something to 

 Camilla; cf. Persiles, p. 612, col. 1: "su eapitana, armada de 

 un coselete bianco, . . . y traia puesta la gola, pero no las 

 escarcelas ni los brazaletes, el morrion si, que era de hechura de 

 una enroscada sierpe . . . tenia un venablo en las manos, 

 . . . con una gran cuchilla de agudo y luciente acero forjada, 

 con que se mostraba tan briosa y tan gallarda, que basto a detener 

 su vista la furia de mis soldados, etc." 



12. In the typical romance of adventure, dreams and portents 

 of various kinds are of frequent occurrence. We saw that it was 

 so in the case of Theagenes and Chariklea ; in the Aeneid wonders 

 and omens are just as common, and it must have contributed in 

 those features, also, to the make-up of the travel-yarn. To give 

 a few examples, cf. Eneida. Vol. I, p. 24, Dido sees the image of 

 her dead husband in her dreams; p. 67, Aeneas sees Hector; p. 

 140, Dido is disturbed by visions in her dreams; p. 91, a flame 

 plays about the hair and temples of Ascanius ; p. 100, the miracle 

 of Polydorus ; p. 104, an ominous earthquake; p. 118, Helenus 

 prophesies to the Trojans; p. 175, Aeneas is urged to flee by 

 a divine messenger; p. 286 if., Anchises prophesies to Aeneas. 

 For a detailed discussion of all the miraculous elements in the 

 Aeneid, cf. Professor Franz Kunz, Realien in Virgils Aeneis, 

 "Programmarbeit" . (K. K. Staats-Ober-Gymnasium zu Wiener- 

 N'eustadt) Wiener-JSTeustadt, 1895, and Heinze, op. cit., p. 306 if. 



Persiles, p. 613, col. 2, Periandro's dream, and the vision of 



