Birds of Colorado 



b* Hind toe, when present, generally inserted above 

 the level of the others ; loreal and orbital regions 

 fully feathered. 



a* If wing is over fifteen inches, hind toe elevated 

 above the others, if under ten inches, hind toe 

 on a level with the others. Paludicolss p. 89. 



b* ^Ving never over fifteen inches ; hind toe when 

 present short and elevated. Limicolae, p. 99. 



' Lower thighs feathered. 



a* A soft fleshy cere at the base of the upper mandible, 

 a^ Bill strongly hooked and pointed, 

 a® Three toes in front, one behind. 



a' Feathers of the face forming a facial di^k ; 

 eyes large and forwardly directed. 



Striges, p. 194. 



b' Feathers of the face not forming a facial 

 disk ; eyes moderate and laterally directed. 



Accipitres, p. 161. 



b® Two toes in front, two behind ; cere sometimes 



feathered. Psittaci, p. 215. 



b^ Bill more or less straight, not strongly hooked. 



Columbse, p. 156. 



b* Xo cere at base of upper mandible. 



a* Hind toe small and elevated. Gallinas, p. 137. 



b^ Hind toe well developed and on a level with the 



others. 



a^ Wing long of ten primaries ; tail of ten rectrices ; 



bill very short with a very wide gape, or 



very long and slender, far exceeding the head. 



Machrochires, p. 241. 



b® Wing not very long ; tail usually of twelve 

 rectrices ; gape and bill moderate and normal, 

 a' Toes two in front and two behind ; tail- 

 feathers stLS and pointed; Pici, p. 222. 



b' Toes two in front and two behind, or three 

 in front and one behind, if the latter, the 

 middle and outer ones connected for half 

 their length ; tail-feathers not stiff and 

 pointed. Coccyges, p. 216. 



c' Toes three in front and one behind ; middle 

 and outer toes not united. Passeres, p. 257. 



