374 Birds of Colorado 



A germs of considerable size, containing at least thirteen species and 

 a number of additional subspecific and intermediate forms, ranging 

 over North and Central America as far as Costa Rica, but breeding 

 in the higher mountains of the boreal zone only to the southwards. 



Colorado has representatives of six species as well as three inter- 

 mediate forms which are possibly hybrids. 



Key of the Species (for the intergrades, see p. 380). 



A. Plain grey or dusky grey on the head and back. 



a. Larger — wing 3-35 — and paler ; three outer tail-feathers white, 



a double white wing-bar. J. aikeni, p. 374. 



b. Smaller — wing 3-15 — and duskier; third pair of outer tail- 



feathers largely dusky ; no wing-bars. J. hyemalis, p. 375. 



B. Back some shade of brown, contrasting with the head. 



a. Heeui, neck and chest black, contrasting with the sepia-brown 



back ; flanks slightly vinaceous. J. shufeldti, (? p. 376. 



b. Head, neck and chest greyish, not contrasting very strongly 



with the greyish-brown back, 

 a^ Snaaller ; wing under 3 ; flanks slightly vinaceous. 



J. shufeldti, ? p. 376. 

 b^ Larger; wing about 3-30; flanks strongly vinaceous- 

 pink, extending almost all over the abdomen. 



J. meamsi, p. 377. 



c. Centre of the back cinnamon-rufous, strongly contrasting 



with the dark slaty head ; flanks grey. 

 a^ Upper mandible pale (pinkish in life) ; below darker grey. 



J. caniceps, p. 378. 

 b' Upper mandible blackish ; below paler-grey. 



J. dorsalis, p. 380- 



White-winged Junco. Junco aikeni. 



A.O.U. Checklist no 566— Colorado Records— -Aiken 72, p. 201 ; 

 Ridgway 73, p. 613 ; Trippe 74, p. 145 ; Henshaw 75, p. 266 ; Drew 

 81, p. 90; 85, p. 16; Allen & Brewster 83, p. 190; Beckham 87, 

 p. 122 ; Morrison 88, p. 74 ; 89, p. 38 ; Cooke 97, pp. 104, 166, 215 ; 

 Henderson 03, p. 236 ; 09, p. 237 ; Rockwell 08, p. 172 ; Gary 09, 

 p. 182 ; Mersey & Rockwell 09, p. 120. 



Description. — Male — General colotu- above and below anteriorly, 

 slaty-grey ; tips of the middle and greater wing-coverts, three pairs of 

 outer-feathers, lower-breast and abdomen white ; bill flesh-coloured. 

 Length 6-90; wing 3-25; tail 3-05; culmen 48; tarsus -75. 



The female resembles the male, but is a shade paler in colour, and the 

 wing-bands are not nearly so well marked, though there is considerable 

 variation in this respect in both sexes. Some specimens have a distinct 

 buffy weish on the back ; these are probably young birds. 



