96 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



tail-coverts barred with brown. Young male : Similar to adult 

 female, but more richly colored. Length 18.00-20.00, wing 10.00- 

 11.00, culmen 1.35-1.45, tarsus 1.45-1.60. Eggs 2.23 X 1-53, pale 

 buff. Hab. Northern portions of eastern hemisphere ; occasional 

 in eastern North America, and frequent in Alaska. 



136. A. penelope Linn. "Widgeon. 

 c^ Adult male : Head and upper neck whitish, thickly flecked (except on 

 forehead and part of crown) with blackish, the former ornamented 

 on each side by a broad space of bright metallic green, extending 

 from eye to occiput ; crop, sides, and flanks vinaceous, all except 

 the first waved with black ; back and scapulars grayish white 

 (usually tinged with vinaceous) waved with black. Adult female : 

 Head and neck dull whitish, streaked with dusky ; crop, sides, and 

 flanks dull vinaceous ; upper parts dusky grayish brown, irregularly 

 and coarsely barred with dull white, or buffy; smaller wing-coverts 

 dull dark grayish, tipped and edged with white. Young male : 

 Similar to adult female, but colors more pronounced and pattei'n 

 better defined, especially the wing-markings. Downy young : Above 

 dark olive-brown, relieved by a spot of greenish buff on posterior 

 border of each Aving, one on each side of back, and one on each side 

 of rump ; top of head and hind-neck, dark olive, like back ; rest of 

 head and neck, with lower parts, pale olive-buff or fulvous, the side 

 of the head with a dusky streak, extending from bill, through eye, 

 to occiput. Length 18.00-22.00, wing 10.25-11.00, culmen 1.30-1.50, 

 tarsus 1.45-1.65. Eggs 2.06 X 1-48, pale buff. Jlab. North America 

 in general, breeding chiefly north of the United States ; south, in 

 winter, to Guatemala and Cuba. 



137. A. americana Gmel. Baldpate. 



Genus SPATULA Boie. (Page 85, pi. XXIII., fig. 3.) 



Species. 



Adult male : Head and neck dark metallic bluish green ; breast and outer 

 scapulars white, the former sometimes spotted with dusky ; rest of lower parts 

 uniform chestnut, the crissum dark metallic bluish green, bordered anteriorly by a 

 band of finely undulated grayish white ; wing-coverts light grayish blue, the last 

 row tipped with white, forming a nai'row band across the wing; speculum bright 

 metallic green, very narrowly tipped with white ; bill deep black, iris bright yel- 

 low, and feet rich orange-red in life. Adult female : Wings as in the male, but 

 colors rather duller; rest of plumage grayish brown, varied with brownish white, 

 above, the head and neck bi'ownish white, streaked with dusky, the lower parts 

 similar but spotted instead of streaked ; bill brown, the mandible orange ; iris and 

 feet as in the male. Young male : Similar to the adult female, but colors richer, the 

 abdomen tinged with chestnut. Young female: Similar to the adult, but wing-cov- 

 erts dull slate-gray with little or no blue tinge, the speculum dusky, faintly glossed 



