ANOUS. 47 



c^. Summer adult with lower parts always black or very dark plumbeous, 

 much darker than upper surface ; length 9.00-10.25, wing 8.25, tail 

 3.75 (forked for .90), culmen 1.10. Nest in marshes. Eggs 1.35 X 

 0.98, brownish buff or olive-buff, heavily spotted and blotched with 

 dark brown. Hab. Temperate North America, south, in winter, to 

 South America, as far as Brazil and Chili. 



77. H. nigra surinamensis (Gmel.). American Black Tern. 

 b^. Tail and upper coverts white, sometimes tinged with gray. 



Summer adult: Head, neck, and lower parts black, the under tail- 

 coverts white ; upper parts plumbeous, more silver}^ on wings, the 

 anterior lesser coverts being white; legs and feet bright red (diying 

 brownish). Young : " Posterior portion of the crown, a patch on 

 the side of the head, and one on the hind-neck dark sooty gray, the 

 feathers with lighter margins, the patch on the hind-neck with 

 brownish markings ; rest of the head, neck, and entire under parts 

 pure white; back and scapulars blue-gray, broadly tipped with 

 blackish gray ; wings as in the adult in winter, but the wing- 

 coverts tipped with light reddish brown ; rump and upper tail- 

 coverts white ; tail light French gra}^, becoming darker towards 

 the tip." (Dresser.) Downy young : " Upper parts warm reddish 

 buff, boldly marked with black on the crown, nape, back, wings, 

 and rump ; under parts grayish buff with a sooty tinge, marked 

 with sooty gray on the upper throat ; space round the eye nearly 

 white." (Dresser.) Length about 9.50, wing 7.60-8.20, tail 2.80- 

 3.25, culmen .90-.95. Nest in marshes. Eggs 1.36 X 0.99, essen- 

 tially similar in coloration to those of H. nigr'a surinamensis. Hab. 

 Europe, etc. ; accidental (?) in North America (Lake Koshkonong, 

 Wisconsin). 



78. H. leucoptera (Temm.). "White-winged Black Tern, 

 a*. "Wing more than 9.00. Head with a broad white stripe on each side, in summer 

 adult. Summer adult : Top of head and hind-neck black ; broad stripe on 

 side of head (from chin and corner of mouth to behind ear-coverts), lower 

 tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts white ; rest of plumage uniform plum- 

 beous. Hab. Europe, etc. ; accidental in West Indies. 



H. leucopareia (Natt.). Whiskered Tern.^ 



Genus ANOUS Leach. (Page 24, pi. XII., fig. 1.) 



Species. 



Common Characters. — Plumage uniform sooty brownish, becoming hoary on 

 forehead or top of head. Nest on ti-ees or bushes around borders of oceanic islands, 

 rather bulky, composed of sticks, etc. Egg single (usually, at least), buffy or buffy 



1 Sterna leucopareia Natt., in Temm. Man. 1820, 726. Hydrochelidon leucopareia Gould, Handb. B. Austr. 

 ii. 1865, 406. 



