112 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



at base 1.10-1.30, tarsus 1.80-2.10. Eggs 2.87 X 1-92, pale cream- 

 color. Hab. Northern portions of eastern hemisphere ; accidental in 



Greenland 164. O. fusca (Linn.). Velvet Scoter. 



cK Loral feathering separated from nostrils bj' a space much narrower 

 than length of nostril ; male with swollen lateral base of upper 

 mandible entirely feathered, the sides of bill bright red or orange- 

 red in life. 

 d'^. Width of bill at widest part equal to or greater than distance 

 from nostril to tip, the lateral outlines strongly convex ; knob 

 with anterior outline sloping backward ; distance fi*om frontal 

 feathering to where outline of knob begins to incline down- 

 ward not more than .45 ; sides of bill, in life, orange-red ; 

 plumage as in 0. fusca. Length 19.75-23.00, wing 10.65-11.40, 

 culmen 1.40-1.70, depth of upper mandible at base 1.10-1.30, 

 tarsus 1.80-2.10. Eggs 2.68 X 1-83, pale dull buff, varying to 

 cream-color. JTab. N'orthern North America ; south, in winter, 

 to Chesapeake Bay, the Great Lakes, and southern California. 

 165. O. deglandi Bonap. White-winged Scoter. 

 cP. Width of bill at widest part less than distance from nostril to tip, 

 the lateral outlines nearly parallel ; knob of male with anterior 

 outline decidedly concave, the top forming a more or less con- 

 spicuous projection ; distance from frontal feathers along top 

 of knob to antei'ior .extremit}^ not less than .55 ; sides of bill 

 bright red in life; plumage as in 0. fusca and 0. deglandi, but 

 black usually much more intense. Hab. Northeastern Asia 

 (Kamtschatka to Japan). 



O. stejnegeri Kidgw. Kamtschatkan Scoter.^ 



b'\ Feathering of head advancing much farther forward on forehead than on 



lores ; sides of bill at base with swollen portion entirely naked ; wing 



without white speculum. (Subgenus Pelionetta Kaup.) 



Adidt male : Uniform deep black, the lower parts more sooty ; a patch 



on forehead and another on hind-neck, pure white (one or the other 



of them occasionally absent) ; bill reddish in life, the swollen base, 



on each side, marked with a conspicuous large spot of jet-black ; 



length about 20.00-22.00, wing 9.25-9.75, culmen 1.30-1.60, tarsus 



1.55-1.85. Adult female : Top of head and hind-neck dusky; rest 



of head grayish brown, usually with an indistinct whitish patch 



near corner of mouth ; upper parts dusk}^, the feathers sometimes 



with paler tips; lower parts grayish brown, paler on belly, the 



feathers of breast and sides tipped with dull whitish ; bill wholly 



dusky, scarcely swollen at base; length about 18.00-19.00. Young : 



Similar to adult female, but side of head with two quite distinct 



whitish patches, one near base of bill, the other over ears ; color of 



1 New species. (=0. deglandii Stejn., Orn. Expl. Kamtsch. 1885, 174.) 



