TRINGA. 



153 



with reddish brown and profusely dotted with creamy white; under 

 parts very slightly washed with warm buff." (Dresser.) Length 10.00- 

 11.00, wing 6.50, tail 2.50. Hab. Sea-coasts throughout northern hemi- 

 sphere and nearly throughout southern hemisphere in winter ; in North 

 America, shores of the Great Lakes also. 



234. T. canutus Linn. Knot. 

 i^ Wing more than 7.00; summer adult with lower parts white, heavily 

 spotted anteriorly with dusky; wing 7.40, tail 2.80, culmen 1.60, tar- 

 sus 1.35, middle toe .85. Hab. Coast of Eastern Asia (Japan, etc.). 



T. crassirostris Temm. & Schleg. Large-billed Sandpiper.^ 

 Wing less than 6.00 ; middle pair of tail-feathers longer and more pointed than 

 the rest. 

 b^. Tarsus shorter than middle toe (with claw), the latter decidedly shorter 

 than exposed culmen. (Subgenus Arquatella Baird.) 

 &. Summer adult and young with little if any rusty on upper parts, the 

 former without dusky patch or extensive clouding on breast. 



Summer adult : Top of head dusky streaked with dull light buffy ; 

 scapulars and interscapulars blackish, irregularly spotted and 

 indented with dull buff, and bordered terminally with whitish ; 

 fore-neck and chest white, streaked with dusk}^ ; breast dull 

 light grayish, spotted with darker. Winter plumage : Upper 

 parts uniform sooty blackish, glossed with purplish, the scapu- 

 lars, interscapulars, and wing-coverts bordered terminally with 

 dark plumbeous-gray ; chest uniform mouse-gra}^, or brownish 

 pluinbeous, other lower parts white. Young : Above dusky, the 

 scapulars, interscapulars, and wing-coverts bordered with pale 

 grayish buff. Downy young : Above hair-brown, lighter and 

 grayer on hind-neck, the brown irregularly marbled with black, 

 the wings, back, and rump thickly sprinkled with white downy 

 flecks ; head grayish white, tinged with fulvous, variously 

 marked with black, the lores having two distinct longitudinal 

 streaks ; lower parts dull grayish white. Length 8.00-9.50, 

 wing 4.85-5.40 (5.06), culmen 1.10-1.45 (1.20), tarsus .90-1.00 

 (.99). Eggs 1.44 X 1-02, pale olive, varying to greenish or 

 brownish or even buffy, spotted and clouded with various 

 shades of brown. Hab. Sea-coasts and shores of larger inland 

 waters of Europe and eastern North America, breeding far 

 northward ; south, in winter, to Middle States and Great 



Lakes 235. T. maritima Brunn. Purple Sandpiper. 



c'. Summer adult and young with much rusty on upper parts, the former 

 with a more or less distinct patch, or extensive clouding, of dusky 

 on breast. 

 d}. Smaller and darker colored. Summer adult : Upper parts dusky, 



1 Tringa crasairoetris Temm. & Schleg., Faun. Jap. Aves, 1847, 107, pi. 14. 



20 



