186 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



e*. Toes entirely naked ; tail two-thirds to four-fifths as long as 



wing; plumage never white. Dendragapus. (Page 194.) 



6^ Lower portion of tarsus completely naked ; tail nearly as long as wing, 



fan-shaped ;' sides of neck with a broad tuft or ruff of soft, broad-webbed 



feathers Bonasa. (Page 197.) 



Genus COTURNIX Bonnaterre.^ (Page 184.) 



Species. 



Adult male : Above light brown, the back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-cov- 

 erts broadly and sharply streaked with buff, each buff streak being bordered along 

 each side by a narrow blackish streak ; in addition to these markings the feathers 

 have narrow bars of blackish and pale buffy brown, the scapulars with irregular 

 spots of the former; wing-coverts barred with dusky and buffy, and marked with 

 narrow mesial streaks of buffy or whitish ; quills dull grayish brown, spotted or 

 irregularly barred on outer webs with ochraceous-buft" ; a distinct superciliary 

 stripe of buffy or dull whitish ; under-part and sides of head and neck whitish or 

 buffy, the middle of the throat with more or less of a brownish or dusky longitu- 

 dinal patch, connecting below with a dusky or brownish stripe extending obliquely 

 upward to ear-coverts ; below and behind these brownish markings, and usually 

 separated from them by a whitish or buffy space, another, usually interrupted line 

 of dusky or brownish spots, these sometimes blended into a continuous stripe ; chest 

 and breast light cinnamon-brownish, with paler shaft-streaks, the lateral portions 

 more broadly streaked, the lighter streaks bordered along each side by blackish j 

 rest of lower parts buffy, the sides and flanks streaked with dusky. Adult female : 

 Similar to the male, but throat without dusky markings, and chest and breast 

 buffy, spotted, longitudinally, with blackish. Downy young (partially feathered) : 

 " Centre of crown dark brown, with a central buff stripe ; sides of the crown warm 

 reddish buff; upper parts generally blackish brown, barred with warm buff, and 

 marked with long buffy white stripes ; chin, throat, and sides of head buffy white ; 

 rest of the under-parts buffy white, closely spotted with blackish brown." 

 (Dresser.) Length about 7.00, wing 4.10-4.30, culmeu .25-30, tarsus 1.00-1.15. 

 Hab. Northern portions of eastern hemisphere in general ; introduced into (and 

 partially naturalized in ?) various portions of eastern United States. 



C. coturnix (LiN2sr.). European Quail.2 



Genus COLINUS Lesson. (Page 185, pi. LYL, fig. 1.) 



Species. 



Common Characters. — Upper parts mottled grayish, tinged more or less with 

 rusty and more or less vermiculated with dusky and whitish ; quills plain grayish, 

 and tail chiefly bluish gray; lower parts usually whitish, varied with black and 



1 Coturnix Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyl. et M6th. i. 1790, 217. Type, Tetrao cotvrnix Linn. 



* Tetrao coturnix Linn., S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 161. Coturnix coturnix Light., Nom. Mus. Berol. 1854, 84. 



