18 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



south, in winter, to New England, on American side ; breeding from 



Nova Scotia northward 30. U. troile (Linn.). Murre. 



h\ Wing 7.85-8.80 (8.30), culmen 1.60-2.50 (1.86), gonys^ 1.15-1.40 (1.27), depth 

 of bill through angle .55-.62 (.57), tarsus 1.35-1.60 (1.50), middle toe 

 1.65-1.85 (1.74). Egg 3.24 X 2.01. Hah. Pacific coast of North America, 

 south to southern California. 



30a. U. troile californica (Bryant). California Murre. 



a^. Depth of bill at angle more than one-third the length of the culmen ; top of head 



and hind-neck sooty black ; basal portion of cutting-edge of upper mandible 



thickened, and conspicuously light-colored in adult. Summer plumage : Sides 



of head and neck, chin, throat, and fore-neck, velvety snuff-brown. (Length 



14.50-18.50.) 



h\ Wing 7.45-8.80 (8.24), culmen 1.40-1.50 (1.45), gonys .75-.90 (.83), depth of 



bill through angle .52-.58 (.55), tarsus 1.40-1.55 (1.45), middle toe 1.65- 



1.75 (1.70). Egg 3.16 X 2.03. Hah. Arctic Ocean and coasts of the 



North Atlantic, south, in winter, to New Jersey ; breeding from Gulf of 



St. Lawrence northward 31. U. lomvia (Linn.). Briinnicli's Murre. 



h\ Wing 8.15-9.25 (8.71), culmen 1.45-1.75 (1.65), gonys .85-1.00 (.92), depth 

 of bill through angle .55-.60 (.58), tarsus 1.45-1.60 (1.51), middle toe 1.70- 

 1.90 (1.81). Egg 3.21 X 2.01. Hab. Coasts and islands of Bering's Sea, 

 and Aleutian chain, from Kadiak to Kamtschatka. 



31a. U. lomvia arra (Pall.). Pallas's Murre. 



Genus ALCA Linn^us. (Page 10, pi. V., fig. 2.) 



Species. 



Upper parts uniform black, the secondaries sharply tipped with white ; lower 

 parts pure white. Summer plumage : Head and neck (except top of head and hind- 

 neck) uniform velvety snuff-brown ; a white line from the base of the culmen to the 

 eye ; bill black, both mandibles crossed about the middle by a white bar. Winter 

 adult : Whole under portion of head, fore-neck, and space behind ear-coverts, white ; 

 no white line between bill and eye ; bill as in summer, but Avithout basal lamina. 

 Young : Similar in plumage to winter adult ; but bill smaller, without grooves, and 

 lacking the white bar. Downy young : Head, neck, and lower parts plain dull 

 whitish, usually more or less tinged above with brownish buff; back, rump, and 

 flanks varying from pale brownish buff (the down dusky immediately beneath the 

 surface), more decidedly brownish posteriorly, to dark sooty brown ; posterior and 

 lateral lower parts more or less tinged with sooty brownish or brownish buff. 

 Length 15.00-18.00, wing 8.00-8.50, tail 3.50, culmen 1.25, greatest depth of bill .90. 

 Egg 3.06 X 1-89, ovate or elongate pear-shaped, buffy, buffy whitish, pure white, or 

 white faintly tinted with bluish or greenish, very heavily spotted with dark brown 

 round larger end, and marked with smaller spots elsewhere, of brown and lavender- 

 gray. Hab. Coasts of the North Atlantic, south, in winter, to southern New Eng- 

 land ; breeding from eastern Maine northward, 



32, A. torda Linn. Razor-billed Auk. 



