322 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



p. Bill not couoid ; angle of gonys not forward of the nostril. 

 g^. Tertials not elongated, but with their tips falling far 

 short of the ends of the longest primaries ; hind- 

 claw much shorter than its digit. 



Mniotiltidae. (Page 480.) 

 g"^. Tertials much elongated, their tips reaching nearly to 

 end of longest primary ; hind-claw nearly as long 

 as, or longer than, its digit. 



Motacillidse. (Page 532.) 

 e^. Bill curved downward to the very acute tip. 



Ccerebidae (Certhiola). (Page 479.) 



(P. Bill very short, very broad at base, and deeply cleft, the gape more 



than twice as long as the culmen ; outer primary more than 



twice as long as the innermost Hirundinidae. (Page 457.) 



c^. Primaries obviously 10, or else tip of bill hooked. 

 d}. Tarsi distinctly scutellate. 



e^. Bill onlj'- moderately or very slightly hooked at tip. 



/\ Tarsus not longer than middle toe, with claw ; bill short, 

 depressed, its width at base exceeding length of the 



gonys Ampelidse. (Page 463.) 



/^ Tarsus longer than middle toe, with claw, or else the bill 

 elongated, not depressed, narrower at base than length 

 of the gonys. 

 g^. Bill not hooked at tip. 

 h^. Tail-feathers normal. 



i}. Nasal feathers erect or inclined backward. 

 /. Bill linear, but often curved, the culmen 

 always more or less so ; first pri- 

 mary well developed, extending be- 

 yond tips of coverts. 



Troglodytidae. (Page 538.) 

 /. Bill elongate-conical, the culmen straight ; 

 first primary minute, not reaching 

 to tips of coverts. 



Sturnidae. (Page 364.) 

 ■p. Nasal feathers directed forward. 



f. Larger (wing more than 4.00 inches). 



Corvidae. (Page 350.) 

 /. Smaller (wing less than 4.00 inches). 



k^. Bill without notch, more or less 

 conoid... Paridse. (Page 558.) 

 Jc^. Bill notched, very slender. 



Sylviidae {Polioptilince). (Page 566.) 

 K^. Tail-feathers stiff, pointed at tip. 



Certhiidae. (Page 557.) 



