FRINGILLIDj^. 385 



m\ Tertials scarcely, if at all, longer than secondaries, 

 and much shorter than longest primaries. 

 ?i,i. Outer tail-feather largely (sometimes wholly) 



white Junco. (Page 422.) 



n^. Outer tail-feather with little or no white. 



o\ Lower mandible much deeper than upper; 

 adult males very brightly colored, with 

 more or less of blue in plumage. 



Passerina. (Page 446.) 



0^ Lower mandible not deeper than upper; 



adult males not brightly colored, and 



without any blue in plumage. 



y. Tail plain blackish or dusky, with or 



without whitish edging to outer 



feathers. 



Amphispiza. (Page 425.) 

 f. Tail brownish, grayish, or olive-green- 

 ish, usually without markings. 

 5^ Tail olive-green ; first quill much 

 shorter than secondaries. 



Embernagra. (Page 434.) 

 q^. Tail bi^ownish or grayish ; first quill 

 not shorter than secondaries. 

 ?-\ Primaries exceeding secondaries 

 by moi-e than length of ex- 

 posed culmen; distance be- 

 tween tip of outer and mid- 

 dle (or longest) tail-feathers 

 much less than length of 

 hind-toe, without claw. 

 s^. Tail more or less rounded, 

 the middle feathers 

 longest, or equal to 

 longest ; wing 3.00, or 



more Zonotrichia. 



(Page 414.) 

 5". Tail emarginate or double- 

 rounded, the middle 

 feathers shorter than 

 the longest ; wing less 

 than 3.00. 



Spizella. (Page 417.) 



7'^ Primaries exceeding secondaries 



by not more than length of 



exposed culmen ; distance 



49 



