388 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



female ; in others, the general plumage is that of the female, except that the 

 olivaceous or tawny color on head, etc.,. is replaced by a more reddish tint (varying 

 from light dull orange-red to deep madder-brown).] Nest a rather flat thin struc- 

 ture, of fine rootlets, etc., in coniferous trees. Eggs greenish or bluish, spotted with 

 brown and blackish, 



a}. Smaller (wing not more than 4.30. and averaging less than 4.28), with relatively 

 larger bill and shorter tarsi, and colors much duller, the females with 

 plumage chiefly olivaceous. 



Length about 8.00-8.50, wing 4.20-4.30 (4.25), tail 3.60-3.70 (3.G5), ex- 

 posed culmen .55-65 (.61), tarsus .80-.90 (.84). Hab. Northern Europe 

 and Asia. 



P. enucleator (Linn.). Pine Grosbeak.^ 

 a^. Larger (wing very rarely less than 4.30, and averaging more than 4.40), with 

 relatively smaller bill and longer tarsi, and colors much brighter, the females 

 with plumage usually chiefly grayish. 

 h^. Larger, with proportionally much smaller bill and longer tail ; length 8.25- 

 9.00, wing 4.50-5.00 (4.68), tail 3.70-4.45 (4.10), exposed culmen .53-.59 

 (.56), tarsus .87-92 (.90). Eggs 1.01 X -74, deep greenish blue or bluish 

 green, rather sparingly spotted with dark brown and black. Hab. 

 Northern North America in general, breeding from northern New Eng- 

 land, Labrador, etc., to Alaska (except coast south of the peninsula), and 

 south in higher Eoeky Mountains to Utah and Colorado ; in winter, 

 south to northern United States. 



515. P. enucleator canadensis (Cab.). American Pine Grosbeak.^ 



h"^. Smaller, with proportionally much larger bill and shorter tail ; length about 



8.00-8.50, wing 4.25-4.60 (4.45), tail 3.60-3.80 (3.70), exposed culmen 



.57-.62 (.60), tarsus .88-.92 (.90). Hab. Kodiak to Sitka, Alaska. (Also 



probably southward to higher Sierra Nevada of California.) 



— . P. enucleator kodiaka Eidgw. Kodiak Pine Grosbeak.* 



Genus PYRRHULA Brisson. (Page 382, pi. CV., fig. 3.) 



Species. 



Adult male : Whole top of head, with feathers around base of bill, glossy blue- 

 black ; hind-neck, back, scapulars, and lesser and middle wing-coverts uniform 

 ash-gray; rump plain white; upjoer tail-coverts, tail, and tertials glossy blue-black, 

 inclining to dark violaceous steel-blue ; greater wing-coverts black, very broadly 

 tipped with light ash-gray, passing into white terminally ; quills dull blackish ; 



1 Loxia enucleator Linn., S. N. ed. 10, i. 17.')8, 171. Prnicola enucleator Cab., Mus. Hein. i. 1851, 167. 



2 Pinicola canadensis Cab., Mus. Hein. i. Aug. 1851, 167. 



' New subspecies. In Cabanis's Journal fur Ornithologie, 1880, page 156, Von Homeyer describes a Pinicola 

 fiammida from " northwestern America," which may possibly be this form, though that it is more likely to be 

 the ordinary Alaskan bird would appear from the statement that the tail is longer than the ordinary American 

 bird, which is exactly the reverse of the Kodiak bird. It may be, however, that "longer" is an error, or slip 

 of the pen, for " shorter." 



